东天山北坡雪岭云杉种群结构动态的海拔格局  

Altitudinal patterns of population structure dynamics of Picea schrenkiana in the northern slope of the eastern Tianshan Mountains

作　　者：何佳宁 宁才文 张闻涛 玉米提·哈力克[1] 沈泽昊[2] HE Jianing;NING Caiwen;ZHANG Wentao;ÜmÜt Halik;SHEN Zehao(MOE Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology,College of Ecology and Environment,Xinjiang University,Urumqi,830017,China;MOE Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes,College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生态与环境学院,绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830017 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871

出　　处：《生态学报》2024年第12期5389-5398,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项上海合作组织科技伙伴计划及国际科技合作计划项目(2023E01026);国家自然科学基金项目(41790425)

摘　　要：雪岭云杉(Picea schrenkiana)是天山特有树种,也是天山森林优势种;研究其种群结构动态的海拔梯度变化有助于保护、管理这一重要的森林资源。本研究以东天山北坡江布拉克景区的雪岭云杉种群为研究对象,利用便携式背包雷达(LiBackpack)扫描与手测验证相结合的方法,在1800—2600 m的海拔梯度上设置了27个30 m×30 m(共24300 m^(2))的样方进行调查测量,基于树木胸径数据,制作了雪岭云杉的静态生命表和存活曲线,计算其种群数量动态变化指数和时间序列预测模型,分析不同海拔高度雪岭云杉种群结构动态特征。结果表明:1)整体来看,江布拉克景区雪岭云杉种群结构现状良好,但幼苗(DBH<5 cm)储备明显不足。低、高海拔雪岭云杉种群径级结构表现为“倒J型”,中海拔段为“稳定型”。雪岭云杉种群在不同海拔高度存在幼龄树死亡率高的共性。2)中海拔雪岭云杉种群动态变化指数最低;低海拔种群危险率最低;表明中海拔树木存活能力最强,雪岭云杉种群在中海拔生长状况最好。3)时间序列预测模型表明,研究区雪岭云杉种群未来动态更新趋势良好,未来2、4、6、8径级时,低海拔段Ⅱ—Ⅶ径级、高海拔段Ⅱ、Ⅳ—Ⅷ径级个体数量呈现增加的趋势;中海拔不同径级个体数量变化较小。建议对低、高海拔雪岭云杉种群个体采取抚育、间伐措施,中海拔砍伐过多的区域应移栽原生苗而促进雪岭云杉种群发育更新;同时加大管理力度,减少人为干扰。Picea schrenkiana is a unique tree species in the Tianshan Mountains and a constructive species of the Tianshan forest community.Studying the elevation gradient changes of the population structure dynamics of this species helps to protect and manage this important forest resource.This article took the P.schrenkiana population in the Jiangbulake scenic area on the northern slope of the Eastern Tianshan Mountains as the research object,combinated portable backpack Lidar(LiBackpack)scanning and manual measurement verification,27 sample plots with an area of 30 m×30 m(total area of 24300 square meters)were set up at an altitude gradient of 1800—2600 meters for survey and measurement.Based on the obtained tree diameter data,we created a static life table and survival curve for P.schrenkiana,calculated its population dynamic change index and time series prediction model,and analyzed the dynamic characteristics of P.schrenkiana population structure at different altitudes.The results indicate that overall,the population structure of P.schrenkiana of Jiangbulake Scenic Area is good,but the reserve of seedlings(DBH<5 cm)is significantly insufficient.The diameter class structure of the low and high altitude P.schrenkiana population shows an“inverted J type”,while the middle to high altitude segment shows a“stable type”.The population of P.schrenkiana has a common feature of high mortality rate among young trees at different altitudes.2)The dynamic change index of P.schrenkiana population in medium altitude is the lowest.Risk rate is lowest for mid-altitude population.The survival ability of trees at mid altitude is the strongest,and the growth status of the P.schrenkiana population is the best at medium altitude.3)The future dynamic update trend of the P.schrenkiana population in the research area is good.The time series prediction model shows that the number of individuals in the low altitude section Ⅱ-Ⅶ diameter class,high altitude section Ⅱ,Ⅳ-Ⅷ diameter class will show an increasing trend in the futu

关 键 词：雪岭云杉 海拔梯度 径级结构 便携式背包雷达 保护策略 

分 类 号：S791.18[农业科学—林木遗传育种]