多肽肥对烟田土壤改良及烤烟生长发育的影响  

Effects of Polypeptide Fertilizers on Soil Improvement in Tobacco Fields and Growth and Development of Flue-Cured Tobacco

作　　者：刘悦 孙敬国 云月利[1] 孙光伟 陈振国 李建平 朱蓉 高享坤 李亚东[1] LIU Yue;SUN Jingguo;YUN Yueli;SUN Guangwei;CHEN Zhenguo;LI Jianping;ZHU Rong;GAO Xiangkun;LI Yadong(College of Life Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China;Hubei Academy of Tobacco Science,Wuhan 430062,China;College of Resources and Enviroment,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学生命科学学院/省部共建生物催化与酶工程国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430062 [2]湖北省烟草科学研究院,湖北武汉430062 [3]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第4期76-83,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司湖北省公司科技项目(027Y2021-024)。

摘　　要：研究多肽肥(蛋白废弃物转化而来的有机肥)对植烟土壤改良和烤烟生长发育的影响,旨在为改良酸化土壤、增加土壤微生态种群多样性和提高烟叶产量与品质提供数据支持。以云烟87为试验材料,设置多肽肥3个处理(H1、H2、H3),以烟草专用肥(化肥)为对照,鉴定不同多肽肥处理条件下植烟土壤理化性质、土壤微生物群落、烤烟的生长状况以及烤烟的品质。结果表明,与施加常规烟草专用肥相比,施用多肽肥后,土壤pH值升高了0.4,土壤全钙和交换性钙含量分别提高了10.28%和33.33%,同时土壤全磷和有效磷含量分别降低了25.81%和45.14%,表明施用多肽肥后不仅可以减少磷肥的用量而且可以改变土壤理化性质。土壤微生物群落分析表明,施加多肽肥能显著提升植烟土壤微生物群落的丰富度和多样性,其中,芽单胞菌属(Gemmatimonas)相对丰度明显提高。施加多肽肥后烟草的生长发育、产量和品质也有所提高,减施磷肥67%多肽肥处理的烟株株高较常规烟草专用肥对照提高了10 cm,烟叶中的有机酸较常规烟草专用肥对照提高11.25%;烤后烟叶上中等烟率较常规烟草专用肥对照提高了0.17%。The study on the effects of polypeptide fertilizers(organic fertilizers converted from protein wastes) on the improvement of tobacco-growing soil and the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco aims to provide data support for ameliorating acidified soil,increasing the diversity of soil micro-ecological populations,and enhancing the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.In this study,using Yunyan 87 as the test material,three treatments of polypeptide fertilizers(H1,H2,H3) were set up,and tobacco-specific fertilizer(chemical fertilizer) was taken as the control,the soil's physicochemical properties,soil microbial communities,growth status of flue-cured tobacco,and the quality of flue-cured tobacco under different polypeptide fertilizer treatment conditions were identified.The results showed that compared to the application of conventional tobaccospecific fertilizers,the application of polypeptide fertilizers increased the soil pH value by 0.4.Additionally,the total calcium and exchangeable calcium content in the soil increased by 10.28% and 33.33%,respectively,while the total phosphorus and available phosphorus content decreased by 25.81% and 45.14%,respectively.This indicated that the application of polypeptide fertilizers could not only reduce the amount of phosphorus fertilizer used but also alter the soil's physicochemical properties.Soil microbial community analysis revealed that the addition of polypeptide fertilizers significantly enhanced the richness and diversity of the soil microbial communities in tobacco-growing soil,with an increase in the relative abundance of Gemmatimonas.The application of polypeptide fertilizers also improved the growth,yield,and quality of tobacco.In the treatment group with a 67% of reduction of phosphorus fertilizer,the plant height increased by 10 cm,and the content of organic acids in the tobacco leaves increased by 11.25%.Additionally,upper medium tobacco rate of cured tobacco leaves increased by 0.17% compared to the control.

关 键 词：多肽肥 减施磷肥 云烟87 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]