山西省春玉米气候适宜度评估  

Climate Suitability Evaluation of Spring Maize in Shanxi Province

作　　者：田国珍[1] 张国宏[1] 李燕[1] 左小瑞 杨茜 TIAN Guozhen;ZHANG Guohong;LI Yan;ZUO Xiaorui;YANG Qian(Shanxi Climate Center,Taiyuan 030006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省气候中心,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第4期92-100,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省科技厅青年基金项目(20210302124617);山西省水利厅重点项目(2022GM008);山西省气象局面上项目(SXKMSNY20165212)。

摘　　要：为明确山西省春玉米气候资源适宜性,为山西省春玉米种植布局优化提供一定的参考,根据山西省春玉米生长季内气象要素变化阈值,分别构建山西省春玉米生长的温度、降水量、光照适宜性模型,结合春玉米产量和种植面积建立山西省春玉米综合气候适宜度模型,并分析温度、降水量、光照和综合气候适宜度时空分布特征。结果表明,从生育期来看,山西省春玉米温度适宜性出苗期最好,乳熟期—成熟期最差;降水适宜性在播种期和成熟期较好,抽雄期最差;日照适宜性出苗期最好,成熟期最差。从空间分布来看,山西省春玉米温度适宜性晋西北、晋东部分地区不适宜;降水适宜性在晋中盆地、大同盆地、忻定盆地较差,东南部适宜;日照适宜性从北到南逐渐降低。综合气候适宜性可知,山西省北部、中部大部分地区较适宜种植春玉米,东南部适宜性较差。影响山西省春玉米产量的气象要素从大到小依次为日照、温度、降水量。经与实际产量验证,研究建立的山西省春玉米气候适宜性模型能较好地反映山西省春玉米气候适宜性分布和产量变化趋势。In order to clarify the suitability of spring maize climate resources in Shanxi province,provide a certain reference for optimizing the planting layout of spring maize in Shanxi,in this study,temperature,precipitation,and light suitability models were constructed for the growth of spring maize in Shanxi province based on the variation domain values of meteorological elements during the growing season of spring maize in Shanxi province.A comprehensive climate suitability model for spring maize in Shanxi province was established by combining spring maize yield per unit area and planting area,and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of temperature,precipitation,light,and comprehensive climate suitability were analyzed.The results showed that from the perspective of growth period,Shanxi spring maize had the best temperature suitability at the seedling stage,the worst at the milk maturity stage,the best precipitation suitability at the sowing and maturity stage,the worst at the tasseling stage,the best sunlight suitability at the seedling stage,and the worst at the maturity stage.From the perspective of spatial distribution,the temperature suitability of spring maize in Shanxi was not suitable in some areas of northwestern and eastern Shanxi.The suitability of precipitation was poor in the Jinzhong Basin,Datong Basin,and Xinding Basin,but suitable in the southeast.The suitability of sunlight gradually decreased from north to south.The comprehensive climate suitability showed that it was more suitable for planting maize in the most parts in northern and central Shanxi,but it was worse in the southeast.The meteorological factors affecting the yield per unit area of spring maize in Shanxi from large to small were sunshine,average temperature,and precipitation.The validation with actual yield showed that the climate suitability model established in this study could better reflect the distribution of climate suitability and yield change trends of spring maize in Shanxi.

关 键 词：春玉米 气象要素 气象产量 适宜度 山西省 

分 类 号：S161[农业科学—农业气象学]