不同滴灌量下玉露香梨密植园土壤氮素分布特性  

Distribution Characteristics of Soil Nitrogen in Yuluxiang Pear Dense Plantation under Different Drip Irrigation Rates

作　　者：习玉森 霍贵中 桂莉莉 XI Yusen;HUO Guizhong;GUI Lili(Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030013,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学水土保持科学研究所,山西太原030013

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2024年第4期101-107,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省黄河流域水土保持生态工程研究中心建设项目;山西省水利科学技术研究与推广项目(2019BZ010)。

摘　　要：为了探究滴灌量对玉露香梨密植园土壤氮素分布的影响,以黄土高原地区的玉露香梨密植园土壤为研究对象,设置高(900 m^(3)/hm^(2))、中(660 m^(3)/hm^(2))、低(540 m^(3)/hm^(2))3个滴灌量,对0~20、20~40、40~60、60~80 cm土层、不同月份的全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮含量以及梨树生长状况和产量进行测定分析。结果表明,高滴灌量下的梨树植株生长指标胸径、树高、冠幅和产量最高;全氮含量随着月份的增加呈先升高再降低的变化趋势,高滴灌量下0~20 cm土层的全氮含量为0.30~0.38 g/kg,随着土层加深,全氮含量降低;硝态氮含量在果实膨大期较低,0~20、20~40、40~60、60~80 cm土层的最低含量分别为15.99、13.30、14.58、12.74μg/g;铵态氮含量在月份间有一定的波动,在果实旺盛生长期最低;随着滴灌量的增加,全氮、硝态氮、铵态氮含量呈现逐渐降低的趋势;全氮累积量在0~20、0~40、0~80 cm土层中最高的为中滴灌量,分别为0.34、0.67、1.11 g/kg,在0~60 cm土层,全氮积累量最高的为低滴灌量,达0.90 g/kg;硝态氮和铵态氮在各个土层的累积量均表现为低滴灌量>高滴灌量、中滴灌量。In order to investigate the effects of drip irrigation rate on the distribution of nitrogen in soil of Yuluxiang pear dense plantation,in this study,the soil of Yuluxiang pear dense plantation in the Loess Plateau was selected as the object,three different drip irrigation rates,including high(900 m^(3)/ha),middle(660 m^(3)/ha) and low(540 m^(3)/ha) were set,the soil layers of 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm,and 60-80 cm,total nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,and ammonium nitrogen in different months,and the growth status and yield of pear trees were determined and analyzed.The results showed that the growth indexes(diameter at breast height,tree height,crown width) and yield of pear trees under high drip irrigation rates were the highest,and the content of total nitrogen increased first and then decreased with the increase of months,the total nitrogen content of 0-20 cm soil layer under high drip irrigation rates was between 0.30 g/kg and 0.38 g/kg,and the total nitrogen content decreased with the deepening of soil layer.The content of nitrate nitrogen was lower in fruit expansion stage.The lowest contents of 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,40-60 cm,and 60-80 cm soil layers were 15.99,13.30,4.58,and 12.74 μg/g,respectively.The content of ammonium nitrogen fluctuated during the months,and the lowest point of ammonium nitrogen content was also in the vigorous growth period of fruits With the increase of drip irrigation rate,the content of nitrogen elements in all forms decreased gradually,and the highest accumulation of total nitrogen in 0-20 cm,0-40 cm,and 0-80 cm soil layers occurred at the moderate drip irrigation rate,and they were 0.34 g/kg,0.67 g/kg,1.11 g/kg,respectively.The highest total nitrogen accumulation in 0-60 cm occurred at the low drip irrigation rate(0.90 g/kg).The accumulations of nitrate and ammonium in each soil layer were higher at the low drip irrigation rate than that at the high and medium drip irrigation rates.

关 键 词：玉露香梨 滴灌量 全氮 硝态氮 铵态氮 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]