中国古代的无罪推定及其现代价值  

Presumption of Innocence in Ancient China and its Contemporary Value

作　　者：蒋铁初 Jiang Tiechu

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学,杭州311121

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（法理学、法史学）》2023年第3期98-108,共11页JURISPRUDENCE AND HISTORY OF LAW

基　　金：2018年国家社科基金项目《中国仁政司法的传统及其权益转化研究》(18BFX025);浙江省哲学与社会科学规划课题《中国古代的仁政司法研究》(16NDJC143YB)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国古代的无罪推定是指当案件审理中出现某种有利于被告的情形时,司法者会推定被告可能无罪。无罪推定分为对被告的无罪推定与对犯罪事实的无罪推定两种。无罪推定可以预防冤狱的形成,亦能够平反已成冤狱。其文化基础有仁者司法理念及以情折狱的司法传统。我国当代冤狱形成的根本原因是司法者的有罪推定思维。借鉴古代司法传统,当代社会应当努力培育司法人员的无罪推定与以情折狱思维,实践中司法机关在保存及移送证据时还应将无罪与轻罪证据单列一类。The presumption of innocence in ancient China means that when a certain situation favorable to the defendant occurs in the trial of a case,the judiciary will presume that the defendant may be innocent.The presumption of innocence can be divided into the presumption of innocence to the defendant and the presumption of innocence to the criminal facts.The presumption of innocence can prevent the formation of unjust imprisonment,and can also redress the already unjust imprisonment.Its cultural basis includes the judicial idea of benevolence and the judicial tradition of judgement based on sentiment.The fundamental reason for the formation of unjust imprisonment in con-temporary China is the presumption of guilt of the judiciary.Drawing on the ancient judicial tradition,we should try our best to cultivate the judicial personnel's thinking of presumption of innocence and judgement based on sentiment In practice,the judicial organ should also classify the evidence of innocence and misdemeanor separately when preserving and transferring the evidence.

关 键 词：无罪推定 冤狱 以情折狱 证据 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学] D925.2