不同栽培方式番茄氮素吸收量及理论施氮量  

Nitrogen Uptake and Theoretical Nitrogen Application Rate of Tomato under Different Cultivation Conditions

作　　者：邓小芳 程于真 杨明霞 陈竹君[1] 周建斌[1] DENG Xiaofang;CHENG Yuzhen;YANG Mingxia;CHEN Zhujun;ZHOU Jianbin(College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-Environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2024年第7期1299-1307,共9页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(2023TZXD028);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200106)。

摘　　要：研究不同栽培方式及茬口下番茄产量、地上部氮素吸收量和生产1 000 kg果实需氮量的差异,根据目标产量给出田块尺度理论氮素推荐量,为不同栽培条件下番茄氮肥的合理施肥提供理论依据与技术指导。收集国内外有关番茄氮素利用的文献43篇,统计分析露地、设施冬春茬和设施秋冬茬栽培条件下番茄的产量、地上部氮素携出量和形成1 000 kg果实需氮量;根据不同产量水平,计算1 000 kg番茄果实需氮量的变化;用理论施氮量的方法计算不同目标产量下番茄的理论施氮量。分析表明,露地、设施冬春茬和设施秋冬茬番茄的产量、地上部氮素携出量和形成1 000 kg果实需氮量存在明显差异。设施冬春茬番茄的产量最高为98.5t/hm^(2)(n=159),是露地和设施秋冬茬番茄产量的1.3倍。设施冬春茬地上部氮素携出量为239.3kg/hm^(2)(n=126),高于露地和设施秋冬茬。与产量和地上部氮素携出量不同,设施秋冬茬形成1 000 kg番茄果实的需氮量最高,为2.75 kg(n=99),设施冬春茬和露地相接近,分别为2.43 kg(n=126)和2.44 kg(n=123)。番茄产量和地上部氮素携出量之间有显著的线性相关性,番茄产量随地上部氮素携出量的增加而显著增加。番茄产量和地上部氮素携出量受水肥投入影响,灌溉量对番茄产量的影响极显著,随灌溉量增加产量先缓慢上升后下降,但灌溉量对番茄地上部无显著影响。番茄产量水平在<55、55~85、85~115、115~145、>145t/hm^(2)时,生产1 000 kg果实的需氮量分别为3.17、2.38、2.27、2.25和2.25 kg。番茄形成1 000 kg果实的需氮量随着产量水平的增加反而呈现降低的趋势。理论施氮量的计算简单易推广。番茄目标产量在50~150 t/hm^(2)时,露地、设施冬春茬和设施秋冬茬番茄的理论施氮量范围分别在182~547、183~549和206~619 kg/hm^(2),露地番茄和设施冬春茬番茄的理论推荐施氮量相近。不同栽培形式和岔口�This study investigated variations in tomato yield,aboveground nitrogen(N)uptake,and N requirement for producing 1000 kg of fruit under different cultivation methods and stubble.Furthermore,this study aimed to provide theoretical N recommendations at the field scale,guided by the target yield.The results of this study will contribute to the development of a theoretical framework,and provide technical recommendations for the optimal fertilization of tomatoes under diverse cultivation conditions.A comprehensive review of 43 domestic and international literature sources on N utilization was conducted.The compiled data covered various cultivation scenarios,including open-field culture,greenhouse cultivation during the winter-spring,and autumn-winter seasons.A statistical analysis was performed to assess tomato plant yield,aboveground N uptake,and nitrogen requirements for 1000 kg of tomato fruit.The change in the N requirement for 1000 kg of tomato fruit at different yield levels was calculated.The theoretical N rate method was used to calculate the theoretical N application rate for tomatoes under different target yields.The highest yield of tomato in greenhouse cultivation during winter-spring reached 98.5 t/hm^(2)(n=159),which was 1.3 times higher than that in open field and greenhouse cultivation during autumn-winter.The aboveground nitrogen uptake of the winter-spring stubble was 239.3 kg/hm^(2)(n=126),which was higher than that of the open-field and the autumn-winter stubble.The highest N requirement for producing 1000 kg of tomato fruit was 2.75 kg in greenhouse cultivation during autumn-winter.The winter-spring stubble of the greenhouse cultivation were close to that of open field,with requirement of 2.43 kg and 2.44 kg,respectively,both of which were lower than the autumn-winter stubble of the greenhouse cultivation.Aboveground N uptake increased significantly with increasing tomato yields,and a significant linear relationship was observed between them.The application of water and fertilizer affected tomato

关 键 词：番茄 产量 地上部氮素携出量 理论施氮量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]