何以实现有效率的公平——“双一流”建设视角下高等教育经费配置  

How to Achieve Efficient Equity——The Allocation of Higher Education Funds from the Perspective of"Double World-Class"University Construction

作　　者：徐孝民 王劲[1] Xu Xiaomin;Wang Jin

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（高等教育）》2023年第7期17-28,共12页

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2018年度教育学一般课题“‘双一流’建设视角下的高等教育财政资源优化配置研究”(编号:BFA180062)的研究成果。

摘　　要：教育经费是教育高质量发展的根本性保障,而公平与效率是检验高等教育经费配置效果的核心问题。基于教育部直属“双一流”建设高等学校2012—2019年的经验数据,以生均经费作为高等教育经费配置公平的操作性指标,利用超效率SBM模型测度高等教育经费配置效率,应用Markov链模型和经费配置潜力综合评价模型考察教育经费配置等级固化程度,挖掘高等教育经费配置潜力。研究发现,一是高等教育经费配置公平与效率整体分布的内部流动性较低,实现跨越式变化难度较大;二是高等教育经费受原有配置水平和效率水平限制,“长期高经费”较“长期低效率”问题凸显;三是90%以上高等学校教育经费配置潜力综合评价指数为负,高等教育经费优化配置潜力主要受配置公平驱动。结合各高等学校经费配置潜力,可选择坚持效率优先、稳定经费投入的重点提升和强化均衡保障、提高经费效能的关注突破路径,实现高等教育经费有效率的公平配置。Education funds are an important guarantee for the high-quality development of education,and equity and efficiency are the core issues to test the effect of higher education fund allocation.Based on the experience data(2012-2019)from the"double world-class"universities affiliated to the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China(PRC),this study uses the per-student expenditure as an operational indicator for the equitable allocation of higher education funds,the super-efficiency slacks-based measure(SBM)model as a testing tool to measure the efficiency of higher education fund allocation,and the Markov chains model and the comprehensive evaluation model for the potential of education fund allocation as models to test the level of the solidification of education fund allocation,so as to tap the potentials of higher education fund allocation.The results are as follows:There is a low level of internal mobility in the overall equity and efficiency of higher education fund allocation,and it is difficult to take a leap forward in the change;with limitations imposed on higher education funds by the original allocation and efficiency,"long-term inequity"is more obvious than"long-term low efficiency";and there is a negative comprehensive evaluation index for the potential of the allocation of over 90%higher education funds,and the potential of the optimal allocation of higher education funds is mainly driven by equitable allocation.Based on the potential of higher education fund allocation,we can choose to focus on priority over efficiency and stable investment in funds,and strengthen balanced guarantee and the efficiency of funds so as to achieve the efficient and equitable allocation of higher education funds.

关 键 词：高等教育经费 资源配置 效率 公平 “双一流”建设 

分 类 号：G649.2[文化科学—高等教育学]