废旧锂离子电池正极材料回收技术研究现状  

Research status of recycling technology of cathode materials for used lithium-ion batteries

作　　者：尹逸雄 任永生[1,2] 马文会 雷云[1] 伍继君 李绍元 魏奎先[1] 詹曙[4] YIN Yixiong;REN Yongsheng;MA Wenhui;LEI Yun;WU Jijun;LI Shaoyuan;WEI Kuixian;ZHAN Shu(Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093;Department of Materials Engineering,The University of Tokyo,Tokyo 113-8656;Institute of Technology,Pu’er University,Pu’er 665000;School of Computer and Information,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明650093 [2]东京大学材料工程学院,东京113-8656 [3]普洱学院理工学院,普洱665000 [4]合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院,合肥230601

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2024年第6期1830-1847,共18页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52104303);云南省科技厅重大研发计划基金资助项目(202103AA080010,202102AB080016);云南省科技厅青年基金资助项目(202101AU070108);云南省科技厅-昆明理工大学联合基金资助项目(202201BE070001-045)。

摘　　要：为了保护环境和节约化石能源,电动汽车正逐步代替传统的内燃机汽车。锂离子电池具有高能量密度、高工作电压、循环性能好、使用温度范围广等特点,近年来被广泛应用于新能源汽车。随着新能源汽车的快速发展,大量动力电池将陆续进入退役期。退役的锂离子电池若处置不当,其电解液、隔膜等有机物会对环境造成严重污染,同时锂离子电池的正极材料中含有大量的的有价金属没有得到充分利用。本文综述了退役锂离子电池正极材料回收处理技术,主要包括电池的预处理、火法冶金和湿法冶金技术,并对比了各种技术的优缺点。在此基础上,展望了未来锂离子电池正极材料回收技术发展方向。In order to protect the environment and save fossil energy,the electric vehicles are gradually replacing traditional combustion engine vehicles.Lithium-ion batteries have the characteristics of high energy density,high operating voltage,good circulation performance and wide temperature range.In recent years,they have been widely used in new energy vehicles.With the rapid development of new energy vehicles,a large number of power batteries will enter the retirement period one after another.If retired lithium-ion batteries are improperly disposed of,their electrolytes,diaphragms and other organic matter will cause serious pollution to the environment.At the same time,the cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries contain a large number of valuable metals that have not been fully utilized.This paper reviews the recycling and treatment technology of decommissioned lithium-ion battery cathode materials,mainly including battery pretreatment,fire metallurgy and hydrometallurgy technology,and compares the advantages and disadvantages of various technologies.On this basis,we look forward to the future development direction of lithium-ion battery cathode material recycling technology.

关 键 词：退役锂离子电池 有价金属 正极材料 回收 

分 类 号：TF11.31[冶金工程—冶金物理化学]