表生水土环境铊污染成因研究现状与发展趋势  

Research status and development trend of causes of thallium pollution in surface water and soil environment

作　　者：成永生[1,2,3] 王丹平[1,2,3] 黄宽心 周瑶 曾德兴 李向阳 张泽文 CHENG Yongsheng;WANG Danping;HUANG Kuanxin;ZHOU Yao;ZENG Dexing;LI Xiangyang;ZHANG Zewen(Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological Environment Monitoring,Ministry of Education,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Resources and Geological Hazards Exploration,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;School of Geosciences and Info-Physics,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;Urban Geological Survey and Monitoring Institute of Hunan,Changsha 410007,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学有色金属成矿预测与地质环境监测教育部重点实验室,长沙410083 [2]中南大学有色资源与地质灾害探查湖南省重点实验室,长沙410083 [3]中南大学地球科学与信息物理学院,长沙410083 [4]湖南省城市地质调查监测所,长沙410007

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2024年第6期2043-2058,共16页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划资助项目(2023SK2006,2022SK2072);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2023JJ50057);长沙市自然科学基金资助项目(kq2202090);中南大学研究生自主探索创新计划资助项目(2023ZZTS0739)。

摘　　要：铊(Tl)是一种有毒的重金属,对人类的危害超过了汞、镉、铅、锌、铜等传统致毒重金属元素。本文总结了铊的元素特征及其地球化学行为、含铊矿床的全球分布及其成矿时代,对比分析了铊在三大类岩石中的分布差异性,系统回顾了铊的毒理性及其致病机理、铊污染源解析与示踪、表生环境铊的迁移与转化。通过研究发现,铊在三大类岩石中均有分布,且岩浆岩中铊元素呈规律性分布。铊与热液矿床关联性强,主要富集于与低温热液矿床有关的铅、锌等矿床中,且优先进入硫化物熔体,致使含硫化物矿床铊浓度较高。总体而言,我国土壤铊污染与铊矿产分布均具有“南高北低”的特征,显示铊污染与铊矿床的开采和冶炼具有显著关联性。水体中铊主要以Tl^(+)进行迁移,Tl^(+)可替代K^(+)进入黏土矿物,或通过微生物作用氧化成Tl^(3+)。铊从土壤中通过植物根系进入植物体后,将不均匀地分布于植物体内,^(203)Tl更容易向细胞膜表面动态扩散,植物根系优先吸收较轻的铊同位素(^(203)Tl),较重的铊同位素(^(205)Tl)留于生长层。通过对比铅与铊同位素示踪法,发现铊同位素法对于示踪物质来源及其迁移过程具有响应速度快、敏感性强等优势,但铊同位素技术的提升还有待铊同位素数据库的进一步完善。铊污染形成演化时空模拟是揭示污染来源、污染过程与发展趋势以及开展区域风险评估的重要手段,但数据获取、模型选择与验证、不确定性分析以及系统集成与决策支持等问题均有待进一步加强研究。Thallium(Tl) is considered one of the most toxic heavy metal elements,more toxic to humans than Hg,Cd,Pb,Zn and Cu.This paper summarized the elemental characteristics of Tl and its geochemical behavior,the global distribution of Tl deposits and metallogenic epoch,compared and analyzed the differences in the distribution of Tl in rocks,and systematically reviewed the toxicology and pathogenic mechanism of Tl,Tl pollution source analysis and tracing,and Tl migration and transformation in the hypergene environment.It is found that Tl is distributed in the three major types of rocks,but Tl in magmatic rocks shows regular distribution.Tl is strongly associated with hydrothermal deposits and is mainly enriched in Pb,Zn,Sb,Hg,As and other deposits associated with low-temperature hydrothermal deposits,and it is preferred to enter sulfide melts,resulting in higher Tl concentrations in sulfide-bearing deposits.In general,the distribution of soil Tl pollution and Tl minerals in China has the characteristics of "high in the south and low in the north",indicating that Tl pollution is significantly related to the mining and smelting of Tl deposits.Tl in water mainly migrates as Tl^(+),which can replace K^(+)into clay minerals or oxidize into Tl^(3+) through microbial action.After Tl enters the plant through the plant root system from the soil,it will be unevenly distributed in the plant.^(203)Tl is more likely to diffuse dynamically to the cell membrane surface.Plant roots preferentially absorb lighter Tl isotopes(^(203)Tl),and heavier Tl isotopes(^(205)Tl) remain in the growth layer.By comparing the Pb isotope and Tl isotope tracer techniques,it is found that the Tl isotope method has the advantages of fast response and strong sensitivity for the source and migration process of tracer materials,but the improvement of Tl isotope technology needs to be further improved by the Tl isotope database.Spatio-temporal simulation of Tl pollution formation and evolution is an important means to reveal pollution sources,pollution process

关 键 词：铊 赋存状态 地球化学行为 迁移转化 源解析 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]