基于球头刀铣削的三轴数控机床几何与切削力综合误差补偿研究  

Research on geometric and cutting force comprehensive error compensation of three axis CNC machine tools based on ball-end milling

作　　者：王梦磊 牛兴华 朱传达[1] 朱浩铭 王向东 WANG Menglei;NIU Xinghua;ZHU Chuanda;ZHU Haoming;WANG Xiangdong(Tianjin Advanced Electromechanical System Design and Intelligent Control Key Laboratory,Tianjin 300384,CHN;Tianjin University of Technology Electromechanical Engineering National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center,Tianjin 300384,CHN)

机构地区：[1]天津市先进机电系统设计与智能控制重点实验室,天津300384 [2]天津理工大学机电工程国家级实验教学示范中心,天津300384

出　　处：《制造技术与机床》2024年第7期71-79,共9页Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool

基　　金：国家科技重大专项课题“高档数控机床与基础制造装备”(2015ZX04005001)。

摘　　要：机床加工工艺系统的原始误差严重影响机床的加工精度,消除相应的误差影响至关重要。首先,提出一种静态载荷加载试验方案,模拟机床实际加工过程中的受力状况,再基于试验建立三轴数控机床几何与切削力综合误差模型,以球头刀三轴数控铣削为背景,利用激光干涉仪与“九线法”辨识方法,测量并辨识上述的机床综合误差。然后,根据多体系统理论和齐次坐标变换矩阵,建立球头刀三轴数控铣削空间误差模型,将机床综合误差变换到球头刀刀心的位置上。最后,根据球头刀铣削工件表面成形原理,建立消除机床综合误差的刀心曲面,实现三轴数控机床几何与切削力综合误差的补偿。The original error of the machine tools machining process system seriously affects the machining accuracy of the machine tools,and it is crucial to eliminate the corresponding error effects.First of all,a static load loading test program is proposed to simulate the force condition in the actual machining process of the machine tools,and then based on the test to establish a three-axis CNC machine tools geometry and cutting force integrated error model,with a ball tool three-axis CNC milling as the background,the use of a laser interferometer and the “nine-line method” identification method,to measure and identify the above machine tools integrated error.The machine tools error is measured and recognized by using laser interferometer and the “nine-line method” identification method.Then,according to the multi-body system theory and its secondary coordinate transformation matrix,the spatial error model of the three-axis CNC milling of the ball tool is established,and the comprehensive machine tools error is transformed to the position of the center of the ball tool.Finally,according to the surface shaping principle of the workpiece milled by the ball-end cutter,the surface of the cutter center is established to eliminate the integrated machine tools error,to realize the compensation of the integrated error of geometry and cutting force of the three-axis CNC machine tools.

关 键 词：机床几何与切削力综合误差 球头刀 刀心位置 刀心曲面 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]