甘蔗中硅元素的分布特征及其基因型差异  

Characterization of Silicon Distribution in Sugarcane and Its Genotypic Differences

作　　者：林兆里[1] 袁徐澜 姚俊丽 孔冉[4] 李诗燕 张华[1] 罗俊[1] LIN Zhaoli;YUAN Xulan;YAO Junli;KONG Ran;LI Shiyan;ZHANG Hua;LUO Jun(National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002;Zhanjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524003;College of Plant Protection,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002;South Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang,Guangdong 524003)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学国家甘蔗工程技术研究中心,福州350002 [2]湛江市农业科学研究院,广东湛江572829 [3]福建农林大学植物保护学院,福州350002 [4]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江572829

出　　处：《中国糖料》2024年第3期63-72,共10页Sugar Crops of China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD23011005);福建省自然科学基金(2021J01137);农业农村部财政部现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设专项(CARS-17)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】探明硅在甘蔗植株中的分布特征和筛选硅高效吸收积累的甘蔗基因型。【方法】本研究以23个基因型甘蔗为供试材料,测定成熟期甘蔗各器官中硅的分布与积累特征,并比较不同基因型甘蔗对硅的吸收积累差异。【结果】硅含量在甘蔗各器官间存在显著差异,分布趋势为:叶片>叶鞘>根系>蔗蔸>蔗皮和蔗髓。叶片和叶鞘的硅含量均在甘蔗不同部位间差异显著,以植株中部最高。甘蔗植株各器官的硅积累量分布趋势为:叶片>叶鞘>蔗蔸>蔗髓>蔗皮>根系,硅积累量主要集中于地上部,其中叶片和叶鞘的在植株中占比较大,二者之和达到59.88%~72.42%。硅含量和硅积累量均在不同基因型甘蔗间存在显著差异,在供试甘蔗基因型中‘德蔗07-36’、‘柳城05-136’和‘粤糖50号’表现出对硅更为高效的吸收和累积特征。甘蔗生物量与硅含量间相关性密切,其中地下部植株生物量分别与蔗叶、蔗茎硅含量间显著正相关(R^(2)=0.63,P<0.01;R^(2)=0.50,P<0.05)。【结论】硅在甘蔗植株上的分布主要集中于地上部,其中蔗叶(叶片+叶鞘)的硅含量和硅积累量最高。甘蔗植株对硅的吸收积累存在基因型差异,具有较为发达的地下部生物量有助于促进甘蔗对硅的吸收累积。【Objective】It is aimed at characterizing the distribution of silicon in sugarcane plants and screening for sugarcane genotypes with efficient silicon uptake and accumulation.【Methods】The study was carried out to determine the distribution and accumulation of silicon in various organs of sugarcane at maturing stage,and to compare the differences in silicon uptake and accumulation,among 23 sugarcane genotypes.【Results】The results showed that there were significant differences in silicon content among various sugarcane organs,and the distribution trend was as follows:leaves>leaf sheaths>roots>stubbles>peels and pith.The silicon content of sugarcane leaves and leaf sheaths varied significantly among different parts of the plant,with the highest amount in the middle section.The distribution trend of silicon accumulation across the organs in sugarcane was as follows:leaves>leaf sheaths>stubbles>piths>peels>roots,which was mainly concentrated in aboveground part,while silicon accumulation in leaves and leaf sheaths took a larger proportion with the sum accounted for 59.88%-72.42%.It showed that the content and accumulation of silicon varied significantly among different sugarcane genotypes,among tested genotypes,‘DZ 07-36’,‘LC 05-136’and‘YT 50’performed high efficiency for silicon uptake and accumulation.There was a significant correlation between sugarcane biomass and silicon content.Underground biomass was of significantly correlations to the content of silicon in leaves and stems.were found having positive correlation between the underground biomass and silicon content in leaves and stems(R^(2)=0.63,P<0.01;R^(2)=0.50,P<0.05,respectively)【Conclusion】The distribution of silicon in sugarcane plants mainly concentrated in the aboveground part,the silicon content and accumulation was the highest in cane leaves(leaves+leaf sheaths).There were genotypic differences in silicon uptake and accumulation in sugarcane plants,and a well-developed underground biomass could contribute to silicon uptake an

关 键 词：甘蔗 硅 分布特征 基因型 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]