不同种植年限设施菜地黄壤微生物群落演变特征  

Evolution of Microbial Communities in Greenhouse Yellow Soil with Different Years of Vegetable Cultivation

作　　者：王喜英[1] 张露露 李德燕[2] 赵辉[1,3,4] 谭智勇 Wang Xiying;Zhang Lulu;Li Deyan;Zhao Hui;Tan Zhiyong(Tongren University,Tongren 554300,China;Anshun University,Anshun 561000,China;Rural Revitalization Research Center of Tongren University,Tongren 554300,China;Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Monitoring and Policy Simulation for Mountainous Land Space in Colleges and Universities of Guizhou Province,Tongren 554300,China)

机构地区：[1]铜仁学院,贵州铜仁554300 [2]安顺学院,贵州安顺561000 [3]铜仁学院乡村振兴研究中心,贵州铜仁554300 [4]贵州省高等学校山地国土空间智能监测与政策仿真工程研究中心,贵州铜仁554300

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第6期65-74,共10页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技厅项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2023]一般470);铜仁学院博士科研启动基金项目(tyxyDH2002);贵州省烟草公司铜仁市公司科技项目(2022-03);贵州省教育厅项目(黔教技[2023045];黔教哲[2023]07号)。

摘　　要：黄壤是我国贵州地区主要的土壤类型,设施蔬菜种植已成为该区域重要的农业生产方式之一,然而,长期过度施肥和连作已导致设施菜地黄壤质量不断退化。土壤微生物群落在维持土壤质量和高效农业生产方面发挥着重要作用。本文以贵州设施菜地黄壤为研究对象,研究不同种植年限(1、5、10、12年)土壤细菌和真菌群落结构变化及其与土壤化学性质之间的关系。结果表明,随种植年限增加,土壤pH值和速效钾含量逐渐下降;有机碳先增后减;全氮、碱解氮和速效磷逐渐增加。土壤微生物多样性和丰富度指数,细菌随种植年限增加逐渐下降,真菌在种植5年时显著低于其他种植年限;随种植年限延长,优势菌门变形菌门和子囊菌门相对丰度逐渐降低,芽单胞菌门和放线菌门丰度逐渐增加。土壤pH值及有机碳、速效钾、速效磷含量对土壤细菌和真菌群落结构有显著影响。结构方程模型表明,种植年限对设施菜地黄壤中细菌有直接的显著负影响,对真菌群落有直接的显著正影响;种植年限通过直接降低土壤pH值和速效钾含量,间接抑制细菌和真菌群落及其多样性。综上,种植年限对土壤真菌群落的影响强于细菌群落。种植5年以上,设施菜地黄壤微生态逐渐失衡,制约了黄壤区设施蔬菜的持续健康发展。Yellow soil is the main soil type in Guizhou region of China,and facility vegetable cultivation has become one of the important agricultural production methods in the region.However,excessive fertilization and continuous cropping have caused serious deterioration of yellow soil quality in this region.Microbes play important roles in maintaining soil quality and high-efficient agricultural production.In this paper,high⁃throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal 18S rRNA gene fragments were conducted to study the change of soil microbial community structure and its correlation with soil chemical properties in greenhouse across 1,5,10 and 12 vegetable cultivation years from Guizhou Province.The results showed that soil pH and available potassium content gradually decreased,organic carbon content increased first and then decreased,while the contents of total nitrogen,hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus gradually increased with the increase of planting years.The diversity and richness indices of soil bacteria gradually decreased with the increase of planting years,while those of soil fungi reached the lowest value after 5 years of cultivation.With the increase of planting years,the relative abundance of dominant bacterial phyla Proteobacteria and Ascomy⁃cota reduced,while that of Gemmatimonadetes and Actinobacteria increased gradually.Soil pH and contents of organic carbon,available potassium and available phosphorus affected soil bacterial and fungal community structure significantly.The results of structural equation model showed that planting year had directly signifi⁃cantly negative effect on bacterial community,directly significant positive effect on fungal community,and in⁃directly inhibition on bacterial and fungal communities and diversity by reducing soil pH and available potassi⁃um content.In general,planting years had stronger effects on soil fungal community than bacterial community.When the planting years were more than 5 in greenhouse vegetable fields,the yellow soil micr

关 键 词：设施蔬菜 种植年限 黄壤 微生物群落结构 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S626[农业科学—农业基础科学]