燕麦对滨海盐渍土的适应性及纳盐改土效果  

Adaptability of Avena sativa to Coastal Saline⁃Salt Soil and Its Function on Salt Absorption and Soil Improvement

作　　者：陈建爱[1] 陈为京[2] 张燕[2] 郭来春[3] 任长忠[3] Chen Jian’ai;Chen Weijing;Zhang Yan;Guo Laichun;Ren Changzhong(Institute of Food and Nutrition Science and Technology,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China;Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Baicheng 137000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农产品加工与营养研究所,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农业科学院湿地农业与生态研究所,山东济南250100 [3]白城市农业科学院,吉林白城137000

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2024年第6期159-164,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-08-B-6)。

摘　　要：为探索燕麦植株对滨海盐渍土的适应性及纳盐改土效果,本试验以白燕2号为材料,在东营的3种类型滨海盐渍土上(轻度、中度、重度)设6个区顶凌播种,观测燕麦农艺性状及田间覆盖率,测定燕麦全株及籽粒产量和燕麦不同部位及收获期0~20 cm土层土壤可溶性盐和Na+含量。结果表明,白燕2号在3种滨海盐渍土壤中均能生长,但适应程度不同,全株产量为3.320~18.780 t·hm^(-2),籽粒产量为0.456~4.106 t·hm^(-2),基本趋势为轻度盐渍土>中度盐渍土>重度盐渍土;燕麦利用植株的储盐能力将盐渍土部分可溶性盐移出土壤,燕麦全株移出可溶性盐量为0.161~1.508 t·hm^(-2),籽粒移出可溶性盐量为2.961~43.242 kg·hm^(-2);春季返盐高峰后,裸露地土壤表层盐表聚严重,试验区燕麦收获期0~20 cm土层土壤可溶性盐和Na+含量均有不同程度的降低;燕麦植株不同部位的可溶性盐、Na+分配结果显示,燕麦秸秆含盐量最高,达96.954 g·kg^(-1),是根的3.576倍、籽粒的12.803倍,秸秆内Na+含量最高,为20.242 g·kg^(-1),是根的5.190倍、籽粒的55.763倍。可见,燕麦植株通过在不同部位间合理分配可溶性盐和Na+来提高燕麦的耐盐性。综上表明,燕麦植株通过吸盐、储盐、收获移盐等纳盐过程对滨海盐渍土的改良效果明显。In order to explore the adaptability of oat(Avena sativa)to the coastal saline⁃salt soil and its effects on salt absorption and soil improvement,the oat variety Baiyan 2 was used as material,and 6 areas with 3 degrees of saline soil(mild,moderate,severe)were designed in Dongying City of Shandong Province.The oat seeds were sown after thaw in early spring.The agronomic traits and field coverage were observed,and the whole plant yield,grain yield and contents of soluble salt and Na+in different parts of oat plants and soils in 0~20⁃cm layer at harvesting stage were determined.The results showed that Baiyan 2 could grow in all the 3 degrees of coastal saline⁃salt soil with difference in adaptability.The whole plant yield ranged from 3.320 to 18.780 t·hm^(-2),the grain yield ranged from 0.456 to 4.106 t·hm^(-2),and the basic trend was mild saline soil>moderate saline soil>severe saline soil.A part of soluble salt could be moved out of the saline soil by oat plants based on their salt storage capacity,and the contents moved by the whole plant and grains were 0.161~1.508 and 2.961~43.242 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.More salts accumulated at the soil surface after the salt accumula⁃tion peak in spring,while the soluble salt and Na+contents in 0~20⁃cm layer of soil at harvesting stage de⁃creased in various degrees.The results of allocation of soluble salt and Na+showed that the soluble salt content was the highest in oat straw as 96.954 g·kg^(-1),which was 3.576 and 12.803 times of that in roots and grains respectively.The content of Na+was the highest as 20.242 g·kg^(-1) in straw,which was 5.190 and 55.763 times of that in roots and grains,respectively.In conclusion,the oat plants improved salt tolerance by allocating sol⁃uble salt and Na+to different tissues reasonably.Above all,the oat plants performed obvious improvement effects on coastal saline⁃salt soil by absorbing and storing a certain amount of salts and moving them out after harvest.

关 键 词：燕麦 滨海盐渍土 适应性 纳盐 土壤改良 

分 类 号：S156.42[农业科学—土壤学] S512.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]