唐山地区儿童毛发疾病流行病学特征分析  

Analysis of Epidemiological characteristics of hair diseases in children in Tangshan

作　　者：苏晨琳 王春爽 杨丽君[1] 刘春景[1] SU Chenin;WANG Chunshuang;YANG Lijun;LIU Chunjing(Department of Dermatology,Tangshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital,Tangshan 063000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省唐山市妇幼保健院皮肤科,唐山063000

出　　处：《实用皮肤病学杂志》2024年第3期149-154,共6页Journal of Practical Dermatology

基　　金：河北省2021年度医学科学研究课题计划(20211509)。

摘　　要：目的 分析唐山地区儿童毛发疾病流行病学特点,为临床诊疗提供参考。方法 收集2020年1月至2020年12月河北省唐山市妇幼保健院皮肤科确诊为毛发疾病的246例儿童的临床资料,统计分析毛发疾病病种构成及其临床特点。结果 唐山地区儿童毛发疾病占皮肤科就诊儿童的1.12%。皮脂腺痣(7.72%)是最常见的先天性病因,斑秃(56.10%)、头癣(14.63%)和拔毛癖(8.94%)是最为常见的获得性病因。斑秃138例中,以多灶、轻症性脱发为主,且女性患儿居多(53.62%),少数病例有家族遗传史(3.62%),部分病例合并其他病症,如变应性疾病(17.39%)、注意缺陷与多动障碍(2.90%)和甲损害(2.90%)等,男女患儿各方面表现差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。头癣36例中,男性患儿占多数(69.44%),白癣为最常见类型(75.00%),其中乡村患儿多于城区,多数患儿有宠物饲养史(特别是犬),真菌镜检和培养阳性率高。拔毛癖22例中,以头顶(59.09%)和颞部(22.73%)最为多见,且男性患儿居多(68.18%),男性患儿中单胎家庭发病率(73.33%)高于多胎家庭(26.67%),而女性患儿则相反(单胎家庭14.29%,多胎家庭85.71%)。结论 唐山地区儿童毛发疾病以斑秃、头癣、拔毛癖、皮脂腺痣多见,且呈现地域性特征。ObjectiveTo exploretheepidemiological characteristicsof hair diseasesin children in Tangshan,providingvaluableinsights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinical data from a total of 246 children with hair diseases at Tangshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2020 and December 2020 was collected in this study,and the disease composition and clinical characteristics of patients with hair problems were further analyzed.Results The children with hair problems accounted for 1.12%of the total number of pediatric patients in the department of dermatology in Tangshan area.The most common congenital disease was sebaceous nevus(7.72%),while the common acquired included alopecia areata(56.10%),tinea capitis(14.63%)and trichotillomania(8.94%).The majority of cases(138)of alopecia areata exhibited multifocal and mild alopecia,with a higher prevalence among female children(53.62%).The prevalence of family genetic history was observed in a small proportion of cases(3.62%),while some cases exhibited comorbidity with other diseases,including allergic diseases(17.39%),attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder(2.90%),nail damage(2.90%)and others.There were no significant differences between male and female children in multipule clinical characteristics in alopecia areata(P>0.05).Among the 36 cases with tinea capitis,the majority of children were male(69.44%).The tinea alba was the predominant form,with a higher prevalence(75.00%)observed among rural children compared to their urban children.A great number of child patients with tinea alba had a prior history of raising pets,particularly dogs,and exhibited a high positivity rate in fungal microscopy and culture.Among the 22 children patients with trichotllomania,the most common sites were the top of the head(59.09%)and the temporal(22.73%),with a higher prevalence among male children(68.18%).The incidence of trichotillomania in single-child families(73.33%)among male children patients exceeded that in multi-child families(26.67%),whereas th

关 键 词：儿童 毛发问题 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R758.71[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]