青藏高原光学台址勘选——冷湖:一个可以承载我国光学天文未来发展的台址  

Optical Observatory Site Selection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Lenghu as a Promising Site for the Future Development of Optical Astronomy in China

作　　者：杨晨 邓李才 杨帆[1,2] 何飞 王坤 李睿玥[2,3] 兰甜 任安炳 刘念 张春光 陈孝钿 刘其利 YANG Chen;DENG Li-cai;YANG Fan;HE Fei;WANG Kun;LI Rui-yue;LAN Tian;REN An-bing;LIU Nian;ZHANG Chun-guang;CHEN Xiao-dian;LIU Qi-i(School of Physics and Astronomy,China West Normal University,Nanchong 637009,China;National Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;School of Astronomy and Space Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;School of Earth and Planetary Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Science,Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,China;Qinghai Observatory,Purple Mountain Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Delingha 817000,China)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学物理与天文学院,南充637009 [2]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院,北京100101 [4]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [5]中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院,北京100049 [6]西藏大学理学院,拉萨850000 [7]中国科学院紫金山天文台青海观测站,德令哈817000

出　　处：《天文学进展》2024年第2期257-275,共19页Progress In Astronomy

基　　金：科技基础资源调查专项(2023FY101100);青海省科技厅重大专项“冷湖天文台址勘选与先导科学研究”(2019-ZJ-A10);海西州政府选址启动项目;国家自然科学基金(12233009,42222408,12273064)。

摘　　要：2000年初开始,中国天文界就开展了在境内泛青藏高原地区光学天文台址战略性的普选工作。2016年,针对十三五计划的大科学工程项目在前期工作的基础上进行了定点监测。虽然没有被列为候选台址,但冷湖地区的光学台址勘选由此驱动。自2018年起,对冷湖台址进行了连续的定点监测,获得了视宁度极限条件下台址质量参数的连续监测数据。资料显示,冷湖赛什腾山台址质量优越,可以满足国内各研究机构新建大型光学设备的需求。同时,青藏高原地区的地理位置,填补了国际优质台址在地理经度分布上的巨大空白,为中国开展时域科学问题研究和开展国际合作迎来了重大机遇。依据冷湖选址和建设的实际结果,总结了冷湖台址勘选的经验和主要科学结果,并介绍了在冷湖已经投运和签约入驻的光学望远镜项目。The challenge faced by the eld of astronomy in China had always been the lack of high-quality optical observation sites.With the development of the economy and the improvement of people's livelihood,the optical astronomical sites established in the early stages in the developed eastern regions of the country can hardly support the current de-mands of astronomical development,making this challenge increasingly severe.One of the scienti c issues in planning and constructing large scienti c facilities during the 13th Nation-al Five-Year Plan period is the selection of sites.At the beginning of the new millennium,the astronomical community in China began a strategic nationwide survey of optical astro-nomical sites in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region(including the western Sichuan region and the Pamir Plateau in Xinjiang).In 2016,a speci c site selection for a large telescope(10 meter class)was started,with a focus on three locations on the Plateau.Although not listed as a candidate site,a survey in Lenghu area for an optical site was also driven by this plan.Lenghu is situated along the northern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Early systematic scienti c surveys conducted on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in last century indicated that the region has ample sunlight,dry weather,very low percipitation,and clear night skies.The disadvantage is the wind and sand from the Qaidam Basin.Since 2018,continuous targeted monitoring of the Lenghu site has been carried out,and continuous monitoring data of the site quality parameters under extreme seeing conditions have been obtained.The data shows that on the summit of Saishiten mountain in Lenghu has excellent quality,which can meet the needs of various domestic research institutions for the construction of large optical equip-ments.Additionally,the geographical location in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region lls a signi cant gap in the distribution of high-quality international sites in terms of geographical longitude.Lenghu site provides a major opportunity for China to conduct resea

关 键 词：光学天文台选址 冷湖 青藏高原 光污染 

分 类 号：P112[天文地球—天文学]