基于光电阵列系统的空间碎片精密定轨应用研究  

Researches on the Application of Orbit Determination of Space debris Based on Photo-Electic Telescope Array

作　　者：丁一高 李振伟[1,3] 刘承志[1,3] 康喆 孙明国[1] 孙建南[1] 陈龙[1] DING Yi-gao;LI Zhen-wei;LIU Cheng-zhi;KANG Zhe;SUN Ming-guo;SUN Jian-nan;CHEN Long(Changchun Observatory,National Astronomical Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130117,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Space Object and Debris Observation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台长春人造卫星观测站,长春130117 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院空间目标与碎片观测重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《天文学进展》2024年第2期335-348,共14页Progress In Astronomy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U12273080,U2031129);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2018079)。

摘　　要：光电阵列系统具有视场大、单元众多、覆盖空域广、可靠性高、实时性好等优点,在空间碎片探测领域中具有重要的作用。首先,为了解决空间碎片关联匹配问题,采用TLE数据,配合SGP4/SDP4模型,实现了光电阵观测空间碎片的数据关联匹配。随后,研究了空间碎片弹道系数计算方法,为基于观测数据定轨结果的空间碎片平均弹道系数的计算奠定基础。最后,基于长春人卫站建设的光电阵列系统,验证其数据精度、定轨精度以及弹道系数计算精度,实验结果表明:空间碎片关联匹配成功率达到91.19%;观测精度可达7:65′′;对拥有高精度激光测距的空间合作目标Sentinel-6A和HY-2C进行基于激光测距数据的精密定轨,并以定轨结果为标准轨道,对光电阵列观测系统所得光学数据进行精密定轨和3 d预报的均方差做精度分析,三维位置精度分别为319.11 m、107.25 m,速度精度分别为0.26 m/s、0.09 m/s;计算所得目标36508弹道系数生成的新两行根数3 d预报均方根误差为746.84 m,比公开数据均方根误差748.68 m减小0.25%,两者精度相近。以上结果说明该系统基本满足常规任务需求。Photo-Electic Telescope array has many advantages,such as wide field of view,numerous units,wide coverage of space domain,high reliability and strong real-time property,which plays an increasingly important role in space debris survey.The duration of the observation data(arc length)based on photo-electric telescope array is usually less than 1%of the orbital period for space debris,which brings many difficulties to orbit determination(OD)and orbit predication(OP)of space debris.First,in order to solve association of space debris based on photo-electric telescope array,this paper utilizes the TLE data and SGP4/SDP4 model,has achieved association matching of space debris observation data.Subsequently,in order to verify the application accuracy based on photoelectric array system data,a method for calculating the ballistic coefficient of space debris was studied,and the average ballistic coefficient of space debris was calculated using the orbit determination results of observation data.Finally,in order to verify the data accuracy,orbit determination accuracy,and ballistic coefficient calculation accuracy based on the photoelectric array system,a verification method using laser ranging data as the real accuracy was designed.The experimental results show that the success rate of space debris association matching reaches 91.19%,and the observation accuracy of mini electro-optical array can reach 7:65′′.The experimental results also show that the precise orbit determination and three-day prediction for laser ranging satellite SENTINEL6A and HY2C are implemented,and the position prediction accuracy is 319.11 m and 107.25 m,and the velocity prediction accuracy is 0.26 m/s and 0.09 m/s,respectively.The root mean square error of the one-day prediction for the new two line elements generated by the calculated ballistic coefficient of target 36508 is 746.84 m,which is 0.25%less than the root mean square error of the publicly available data of 748.68 m,and the accuracy of the two is similar.The above data indicates that t

关 键 词：空间碎片 光电阵 精密定轨 TLE 

分 类 号：P111.5[天文地球—天文学]