海洋低信噪比小道距地震处理关键技术  

The Key Technology of Marine Low SNR Seismic Data Processing for Small Group Interval

作　　者：颜中辉 杨传胜 王小杰 刘鸿 杨睿 刘欣欣 李海龙 YAN Zhonghui;YANG Chuansheng;WANG Xiaojie;LIU Hong;YANG Rui;LIU Xinxin;LI Hailong(Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology,China Geological Survey,Qingdao 266237,China;Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources,Laoshan Laboratory,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局青岛海洋地质研究所,山东青岛266237 [2]崂山实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2024年第3期501-514,共14页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(42106208、 41706072和42006068);崂山实验室科技创新项目(LSKJ202203401);山东省自然科学面上基金项目(ZR2021MD118)

摘　　要：海洋高分辨小道距地震探测方法具有高精度、作业方式灵活、适应区域广等优势,在浅表天然气水合物高精度识别、近海底地层层序确定方面都有广泛应用。基于现阶段研发设备的固有问题,原始地震数据的信噪比低、成像品质差。针对小道距高分辨率电缆固有的背景噪声严重、沉放深度和主频高引起的虚反射严重、电缆姿态不稳导致信号反射时间-距离不符合双曲线变化规律等问题,采用“叠前多域噪声压制技术”“基于F-K鬼波压制技术”“基于相干函数控制的电缆等浮校正技术”等关键手段,逐步质控,处理后的地震剖面信噪比高、波组特征清楚、地层反射连续性好,能满足浅层地质构造特征识别及地层层序划分的需求。The marine high-resolution short-offset seismic detection methodology has some significant benefits including high precision,adaptable operation techniques,and extensive adaptability,making it particularly effective for high-precision identification of shallow gas hydrates and delineation of near-seabed stratigraphic sequences.Due to inherent limitations of currently available research and development equipments,the original seismic data has obvious weakness such as a low signal-to-noise ratio and subpar imaging quality.Key challenges include severe background noise,significant ghost reflections induced by cable immersion depth and dominant frequency,and a lack of adherence to hyperbolic variation rules for signal reflection time-distance due to unstable cable positioning.To address these issues,we utilize key methodologies such as"pre-stack multi-domain noise suppression technology","F-K ghost wave suppression technique",and"cable floating correction technology based on coherence function control".With successive iterations,the processed seismic sections display an improved signal-to-noise ratio,distinct wave group features,and strong continuity in formation reflections,sufficiently meeting the requirements for shallow geological structure identification and stratigraphic sequence division.

关 键 词：小道距地震探测 低信噪比 电缆等浮校正 噪声压制 鬼波效应 

分 类 号：P229.1[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]