增施铃肥对化学封顶棉花光合特性、秋桃发育及产量的影响  

Effects of Increasing Boll Fertilizer on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Autumn Boll Development and Yield of Chemically Capped Cotton

作　　者：胡浩然 段松江 张承洁 吴一帆 张巨松[1] 郭仁松[2] HU Haoran;DUAN Songjiang;ZHANG Chengjie;WU Yifan;ZHANG Jusong;GUO Rensong(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Cotton Engineering Research Center,Ministry of Education,Urumqi 830052,China;Research Institute of Cash Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院/教育部棉花工程研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2024年第6期49-57,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-4);新疆农业大学研究生科研创新计划项目(XJAUGRI2023037)。

摘　　要：化学封顶会加快棉花衰老进程,造成棉花养分供应不足,影响顶部棉铃正常发育,导致棉花顶部不结铃、结铃少、铃质量低,最终影响产量。为解决该问题,以J206-5为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区设置2个铃期增施尿素处理[0 kg/hm^(2)(N0)和150 kg/hm^(2)(N1)],副区设置4种铃期叶面肥喷施处理[不喷施叶面肥(F0)和喷施1%硫酸钾(F1)、0.1%硼酸盐(F2)、0.3%磷酸二氢钾(F3)],共8个处理,探究化学封顶条件下增施铃肥对棉花光合能力、秋桃发育及产量形成的影响。结果表明,棉花功能叶SPAD值在增施铃肥后21 d达到峰值,所有处理中以N1F3处理SPAD值最高,较N0F0提高15.02%。增施铃肥后21 d,N0水平下F3、F1、F2处理净光合速率(Pn)分别较F0处理显著提高20.72%、17.71%和14.42%,N1水平下,F3、F1处理分别较F0处理显著提高20.00%、11.81%。增施铃肥处理的秋桃棉铃长度、体积均高于N0F0处理,其中除N0F2处理外,各处理秋桃棉铃长度均与N0F0处理差异显著。在同一氮肥水平下,F1—F3处理秋桃棉籽与纤维干质量均高于F0处理;N0水平下,F1与F3处理棉籽、纤维干质量分别较F0处理显著提高31.43%、25.53%与38.57%、35.46%;N1水平下,F1—F3处理棉籽干质量较F0处理显著提高32.92%、17.39%、37.89%,F1与F3处理的纤维干质量分别较F0处理提高23.81%与32.65%。增施铃肥各处理的秋桃单铃质量与籽棉产量均高于N0F0处理,其中N1F3处理秋桃单铃质量最大(6.18 g),较N0F0处理显著提高14.44%;除N0F2、N1F0、N1F2处理外,各处理籽棉产量均显著高于N0F0处理,其中N1F3处理籽棉产量最高,达7 273.35 kg/hm^(2),较N0F0处理显著提高30.20%。综上所述,基于棉花化学封顶且纯氮施用量为南疆常规水平300~375 kg/hm^(2)条件下,建议于棉花铃期增施尿素150kg/hm^(2)配合叶面喷施0.3%磷酸二氢钾,可提升棉花光合能力,利于秋桃生物量的积累,增加棉花秋桃数量及单铃质量,进而提高棉花产�Chemical topping accelerates the aging process of cotton,leading to insufficient nutrient supply,affecting the proper development of top cotton bolls,resulting in reduced boll formation,fewer bolls,and lower boll weight,ultimately impacting yield.To address this issue,using J206‑5 as the experimental material,a split‑plot design was employed with the main plot containing two additional urea treatments during the boll stage[0 kg/ha(N0)and 150 kg/ha(N1)],and the sub‑plot containing four foliar fertilization treatments during the boll stage[no foliar spray(F0)and spraying 1%potassium sulfate(F1),0.1% borate(F2),0.3% monopotassium phosphate(F3)],totaling eight treatments.The study aimed to investigate the impact of additional boll fertilizer under chemical topping conditions on cotton photosynthetic capacity,boll development,and yield formation.Results indicated that the functional leaf SPAD value peaked at 21 days after boll fertilizer application,with N1F3 treatment showing the highest SPAD value among all treatments,increasing by 15.02%compared to N0F0.After 21 days of applying boll fertilizer,at N0 level,Pn values of F3,F1,and F2 treatments increased significantly by 20.72%,17.71%,and 14.42%,respectively,compared to F0 treatment;at N1 level,F3 and F1 treatments showed significant increases of 20.00%and 11.81%,respectively,over F0 treatment.Boll length and volume after applying boll fertilizer were higher than N0F0 treatment,and the differences were significant in boll length except for N0F2 treatment.Under the same nitrogen level,seed and fiber dry mass of F1-F3 treatments were higher than F0 treatment;at N0 level,seed and fiber dry mass of F1 and F3 treatments increased significantly by 31.43%,25.53%,and 38.57%,35.46%,respectively;at N1 level,seed dry mass increased significantly by 32.92%,17.39%,37.89%for F1-F3 treatments,while fiber dry mass increased by 23.81%and 32.65%for F1 and F3 treatments,respectively,compared to F0 treatment.Individual boll weight and seed cotton yield of all boll fertilizer treat

关 键 词：棉花 化学封顶 增施铃肥 秋桃发育 光合特性 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]