低蛋白日粮调控反刍动物生产性能及瘤胃甲烷排放量研究进展  

Research Progress of Low-Protein Diet Regulating Production Performance and Enteric Methane Emissions of Ruminants

作　　者：李佳艺 刘卓凡 戴一多 焦浩鹏 孙天晴 董利锋[1] LI Jiayi;LIU Zhuofan;DAI Yiduo;JIAO Haopeng;SUN Tianqing;DONG Lifeng(Institute of Feed Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminant,Beijing 100081,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Gansu Lanzhou 730000,China;New Hope Group,Sichuan Chengdu 610023,China;National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy,Inner Mongolia Hohhot 010080,China;China Certification&Accreditation Institute,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,反刍动物及其幼畜营养代谢中美联合研究中心,北京100081 [2]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730000 [3]新希望乳业股份有限公司,四川成都610023 [4]国家乳业技术创新中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010080 [5]国家市场监督管理总局认证认可技术研究中心,北京100013

出　　处：《饲料工业》2024年第13期47-52,共6页Feed Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目[2022YFE0130100];中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目[2023];银川市科技计划项目[2022NY05];国家乳业技术创新中心项目[2022-开放性课题-3]。

摘　　要：蛋白质类饲料资源的短缺和畜牧生产过程中温室气体的排放,已成为制约我国畜牧业高质量和可持续发展的两大瓶颈问题。低蛋白日粮技术是基于动物精准营养需要所进行的日粮优化配制技术,可通过降低饲料成本达到畜禽稳产增产的效果。甲烷是反刍动物生理代谢过程中的必然产物,其排放不仅是饲料能量的损失,也成为温室气体污染。近年来,低蛋白日粮对反刍动物生产性能、瘤胃甲烷排放等方面的研究正成为热点和焦点。文章通过简述反刍动物低蛋白日粮的定义,综述了近年来低蛋白日粮对反刍动物生产性能和甲烷排放量影响的研究和可能的作用机制,以期为低蛋白日粮在反刍动物上的研究及在生产中推广应用提供理论参考。The serious shortage of protein feed resources and greenhouse gases emissions from livestock production system have become two major bottlenecks restricting the high-quality and sustainable development of animal husbandry in China.Low-protein diet technology is based on the precise nutrient requirement of animals to achieve stable or improved production performance by lowering the feed cost.Methane is an inevitable product of ruminant physiological metabolism,representing not only an important energy loss,but also a critical source of greenhouse gas emissions.In recent years,the research on the effect of low-protein diet on production performance,enteric methane emissions of ruminants have increasingly become an important area.Therefore,this paper briefly summarized the definition and characteristics of low-protein diet used for ruminants in recent years,and reviewed the impact of low-protein diet on growth performance,milk production,and enteric methane emissions,and explored the possible mechanism of action behind the low-protein diet to provide theoretical reference for the research and application of this technology in ruminant production regimes.

关 键 词：低蛋白日粮 反刍动物 生产性能 肠道甲烷减排 瘤胃微生物 

分 类 号：S816.4[农业科学—饲料科学]