偏正双音复合词的语义类型及其作用——兼论汉语词义在单双音格局转变中的传承与发展  

The Semantic Types and Historical Roles of Modifier-head Disyllabic Compound Words:A Synchronous Study of the Inheritance and Development of Word Meanings in the Transformation of Chinese Vocabulary from the Monophonic Pattern to the Disyllabic Pattern

作　　者：符渝[1] Fu Yu

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学中文学院,北京100029

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（语言文字学）》2023年第8期61-68,共8页LINGUISTICS AND PHILOLOGY

基　　金：国家社会科学基金冷门绝学专项学术团队项目“中国训话学的理论总结与现代转型”(20VJXT015)。

摘　　要：在汉语词汇双音化的过程中,词义如何传承与发展是一个重要的问题。以正语素均来自上古汉语的7390个偏正双音复合词为研究对象,追寻它们的造词理据,可以探讨汉语词义传承与发展的机制。根据偏语素造词时发挥的功能,偏正双音复合词可以分为四种类型:语义析出、语义分化、语义统括和语义描绘。这四种类型带有汉语母语者对汉语词义及其内在语义结构的深刻理解,在传承义位、分化义位、区别词汇、统括下位词、描绘语义等方面各有作用,以经济化的区别手段实现语义明晰化的目的,解决了汉语词汇在单音造词阶段“单不足以喻”的困境,推动汉语词汇系统由单音格局向双音格局成功转型。In the process of disyllabification of Chinese vocabulary,how word meanings are inherited and developed is an important issue.In this paper,7390 modifier-head disyllabic compound words from ancient Chinese are selected for research,and the motivation for word formation is traced,and the mechanism of word meaning inheritance and development is explored.According to the function of modifier morphemes in word formation,modifier-head disyllabic compound words can be divided into four types:semantic externalization,semantic differentiation,semantic generalization and semantic description.These four types carry a deep understanding of Chinese word meanings and their intrinsic semantic structure by native Chinese speakers,and have their own roles in inheriting meanings,differentiating meanings,distinguishing words,summarizing hyponym,describing semantics,etc.These four types realize the purpose of semantic clarity by economic differentiation means,solve the difficulty of"monosyllable is not enough to express"in the stage of monophonic word formation,and promote the successful transformation of Chinese vocabulary system from the monophonic pattern to the disyllabic pattern.

关 键 词：偏正双音复合词 双音化 语义类型 历史作用 语素功能 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]