后福特制时代的一般智力与诸众解放——保罗·维尔诺对马克思“一般智力”的重构及其缺陷  

General Intellect and the Emancipation of the Multitude in the Post-Fordist Era:Paolo Virno’s Reconstruction of Marx’s “General Intellect” and Its Defects

作　　者：唐艺洋 雷禹 TANG Yi-yang;LEI Yu(School of Marxism,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学马克思主义学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《山东青年政治学院学报》2024年第4期1-8,共8页Journal of Shandong Youth University of Political Science

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目“晚期资本主义与政治经济学批判——欧内斯特·曼德尔的晚期资本主义理论研究”(23FKSB038)。

摘　　要：随着资本主义社会进入后福特制时代,知识、技术和信息在社会生产中发挥着越来越重要的作用。保罗·维尔诺从资本主义社会现实出发,认定马克思的“一般智力”范畴已经不符合如今的资本主义语境,应当对其进行超越。由此他基于资本主义后福特制的变化,重构了马克思的“一般智力”概念,并提出了诸众解放的全新革命战略。然而,维尔诺的当代重构,一方面对马克思的“一般智力”产生了超历史性的概念误读,另一方面又脱离了现实的物质生产关系空谈大众解放,终将沦为后现代主义式的幻想而无法真正实现。从历史唯物主义的视角审视一般智力的当代解读,有助于在新的时代条件下强化我们对马克思主义经久不衰的科学阐释力和理论生命力的深刻认知。As the capitalist society has entered the post-Fordist era,knowledge,technology,and information play an increasingly important role in social production.Starting from the reality of the capitalist society,Paolo Virno,a contemporary Italian philosopher,argues that Marx’s“general intellect”is no longer in line with the context of capitalism today and should be transcended.Therefore,based on the change in the post-Fordist system,he reconstructed his theory from Marx’s“general intellect”and put forward a new revolutionary strategy to realize the emancipation of the multitude.However,Virno’s contemporary reconstruction,on the one hand,produced a super-historical conceptual misreading of Marx’s“general intellect”;on the other hand,he broke away from the real material production relationship to talk about mass liberation,which eventually degenerates into a postmodernist fantasy.Examining the contemporary interpretation of general intellect from the perspective of historical materialism is helpful in strengthening our profound understanding of the enduring scientific explanatory power and strong theoretical vitality of Marxism in the new era.

关 键 词：一般智力 保罗·维尔诺 《诸众的语法》 科学知识 革命战略 

分 类 号：B089.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论]