产业政策如何支撑产业升级:基于深圳模式的解析  

How Industrial Policies Support Industrial Upgrading:An Analysis Based on Shenzhen Model

作　　者：向晓梅[1] 张拴虎[1] 陈世栋[1,2] XIANG Xiaomei;ZHANG Shuanhu;CHEN Shidong

机构地区：[1]广东省社会科学院,广东广州510635 [2]中国国际经济交流中心,北京100050

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2024年第4期40-51,共12页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划2023年度重大项目“激活改革、开放、创新‘三大动力’研究”(GD23ZD02)。

摘　　要：找到将地区比较优势转化为竞争优势的机制,是后发地区实现产业起步乃至赶超发展的前提。改革开放之初,深圳作为改革开放前沿阵地,利用先行先试的政策优势,将丰富的劳动力及土地要素与世界产业转移浪潮结合,找到了启动工业化进程的机制,并通过适时而变的产业政策,成功将地区比较优势转化为了竞争优势,推动地区工业化快速发展,并实现了产业结构的阶段跃迁。自1980年以来,深圳产业经历了四个阶段升级,目前部分细分行业已走到引领国际前沿的位置,塑造了多个特征鲜明的发展模式。从模式演化角度来看,主要有起步阶段外生驱动下的“内附-外嵌”模式、培育动态比较优势阶段借助外生动力衍生本地优势的补链模式、加入世贸组织后培育国际竞争优势阶段以内生动力驱动高新技术产业发展的集群模式、目前深化竞争优势阶段通过知识融合哺育国际前沿新业态的融合模式。相应地,产业政策也经历了“试错型”产业政策、要素保障型产业政策、创新保障型产业政策和前沿探索型产业政策等阶段。深圳产业发展模式的跃迁是产业迭代升级的体现,也是有为政府适时调整产业政策的结果,未来应进一步引领国家构建有助于新质生产力发展的国际一流产业生态。Appropriate industrial policies are the key to boost regional industrial upgrading.Since 1980,the industrial development of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has started from low-end export processing trade,and now leads the international frontier in some detailed leading industries.It has experienced an upgrading process from exogenous drive to innovation as endogenous drive,and has shaped a number of distinctive development models.From the perspective of the evolution of the stage model of industrial development,there are mainly the export processing model at the initial stage,the industrial chain supplement model at the stage of optimizing comparative advantages,the cluster model actively participating in international competition after China’s accession to the WTO,and the current integration model of digital elements and the real economy,manufacturing and service industries.Accordingly,industrial policy has also gone through the stages of“trial and error”industrial policy,commissioning industrial policy and leading industrial policy.In general,the transition of Shenzhen's industrial development model is not only the reflection of industrial iteration and upgrading,but also the result of the government's continuous adjustment of development policies and timely adjustment of comparative advantages to dynamic comparative advantages.

关 键 词：产业政策 转型升级 深圳 演化经济学 新质生产力 

分 类 号：F119.9[经济管理—国际贸易]