定向送风对隔离病房开门时段空气泄漏的抑制效果研究  

Effectiveness Analysis of Reducing Air Leakage in Hospital Isolation Room by Directional Airflow during the Door Opening Process

作　　者：李鹏[1] Li Peng(Sichuan Academy of Medical Science and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital,Chengdu,610000)

机构地区：[1]四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院,成都610000

出　　处：《制冷与空调（四川）》2024年第3期416-425,共10页Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

摘　　要：患有高传染性疾病的患者一般被安置在医院的负压隔离病房中来限制这些疾病在医院内部的传播。然而隔离病人员进出时房门开启可能会导致大量携带有病菌的空气通过房门传递到隔离病房外部走廊,从而引起走廊中的人员被感染。为了减少和预防门开启带来的室内空气泄露问题,有必要使得门开启时室内外交换的气流最小化。为了解决这个问题,我们在隔离病房门口安装有定向气流送风口,通过将定向气流引向隔离病房门口,以减少由门的开启过程,人员移动通过过程和室内外温差引起的室内外空气气流交换量。使用烟雾对流场可视化后发现在门开启或者关闭的过程中使用朝向隔离病房的定向气流能够明显减小室内外的空气交换量。示踪气体测试结果显示,定向气流90L/s时室内外等温条件下可将隔离病房内的空气泄漏量减少38%,而室内外温差3℃时,使用定向气流可减小泄漏量31%。若将定向气流风量调节到190L/s时,等温条件下可减小室内外60%的空气交换量。在室内外存在3℃的温差时,空气交换量可减少39%。尽管测试的定向气流并未能够完全防止空气泄漏,但是它们是可以有效的减少由门的开启,人员通过和室内外温差引起的室内外空气交换量。Patients with highly contagious diseases are typically placed in negative-pressure isolation rooms within hospitals to restrict the spread of these diseases within the healthcare facility.However,opening the door can potentially lead to a significant exchange of air carrying pathogens through the doorway into the corridor when the doctor enter or exit the room,putting individuals in the corridor at risk of infection.To mitigate and prevent indoor air leakage caused by door openings,it is necessary to minimize the air exchange between the interior and exterior when the door is opened.To address this issue,we have installed directional airflow supply outlets at the entrance of the isolation room,redirecting airflow toward the isolation room's doorway to reduce the indoor-to-outdoor air exchange resulting from the door opening process,personnel movement through the doorway,and indoor-outdoor temperature differences.Visualizations using smoke for airflow patterns have revealed that using directional airflow directed towards the isolation room during door opening or closing processes can significantly reduce the indoor-to-outdoor airflow exchange.Tracer gas test results show that with 90 L/s of directional airflow under isothermal conditions,the air leakage from the isolation room can be reduced by 38%,while with a 3°C indoor-outdoor temperature difference,the use of directional airflow can reduce leakage by 31%.When the directional airflow rate is adjusted to 190 L/s,the indoor-to-outdoor airflow can be reduced by 60%under isothermal conditions.With a 3°C temperature difference between the interior and exterior,airflow exchange can be reduced by 39%.Although the tested directional airflows may not completely eliminate air leakage,they are effective in reducing the indoor-to-outdoor airflow exchange resulting from door openings,personnel passage,and temperature differences.

关 键 词：隔离病房 门开启 室内外空气交换 定向气流 

分 类 号：TU5[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]