青海湖流域主要河流的生态需水  

Ecological water demand of major rivers in Qinghai Lake basin

作　　者：丁启慧 贾美蓉 丁相毅[2] 刘家宏[2] DING Qihui;JIA Meirong;DING Xiangyi;LIU Jiahong(Hydrology and Water Resources Forecast Center of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省水文水资源测报中心,西宁810001 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《南水北调与水利科技（中英文）》2024年第3期575-584,共10页South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology

基　　金：青海省重点研发与转化计划项目(2022-SF-143);国家自然科学基金重大项目(52192673)。

摘　　要：为确保流域生态系统健康发展,实现水资源合理配置,基于青海省水文水资源测报中心实测布哈河口站和刚察站1961-2020年长时间序列数据,通过三性审查验证数据符合计算条件,径流量通过滑动T检验法和MannKendall(M-K)检验法进行趋势变化分析和径流突变检验。采用Tennant、近10年最枯月平均流量法、90%保证率月平均流量法和年内展布法计算布哈河与沙柳河河道内生态需水量。以改进的Tennant评价标准和满足度对4种方法进行对比分析,结果表明:年内展布法计算布哈河生态需水量较为合理,90%保证率月平均流量法计算沙柳河生态需水量较为合理,最终得出布哈河年平均生态需水量为38.4亿m^(3),沙柳河年平均生态需水量为14.12亿m^(3)。Ecological water demand is proposed in the context of the increasing contradiction between human social water use and natural ecosystem water use,which is the basic basis and key to ecological water use control and regional ecological environment restoration,and at the same time,it is also the amount of water needed to ensure the structural integrity of the ecosystem,the normal functioning of the function,and the stability of the ecological process,which can be divided into ecological water demand of the rivers,wetlands,lakes and other ecological water demand.In order to ensure the healthy development of the ecosystem of Qinghai Lake basin and realize the rational allocation of water resources,it aims to provide an important reference basis for the ecological restoration of rivers and water resources management in Qinghai Lake basin.Based on the measured long time series data from 1961 to 2020 at Buhahekou station and Gangcha station of Hydrology and Water Resources Forecast Center of Qinghai Province,the runoff volume was subjected to trend change analysis and runoff mutation test by sliding T-test and Mann-Kendall test,and the data were verified to be suitable for the study of ecological water demand of Qinghai Lake basin through the triple-sex review.The ecological water demand within the channels of the Buha and Shaliu Rivers was calculated using Tennant,the mean flow of the deadliest month in the last 10 years,the mean flow of the month with 90%guarantee rate,and the intraannual spreading method.The four methods were compared and analysed with the improved Tennant evaluation criteria and satisfaction degree.The calculation results obtained that it is more reasonable to calculate the ecological water demand of Buha River by the method of intra-annual spreading,and it is more reasonable to calculate the ecological water demand of Shaliu River by the method of 90%guaranteed monthly average flow rate.The following conclusions are drawn:The average flow rate method of the deadliest month in the past ten years has

关 键 词：生态需水 青海湖流域 水文学方法 布哈河 沙柳河 

分 类 号：TV11[水利工程—水文学及水资源]