大渡河上游几种典型鱼类克流能力研究及应用  

Measurement and Application of Swimming Capability for Three Typical Fish Species of the Upper Dadu River

作　　者：张东亚 贺春山 齐国新 李阳希 侯轶群 陶江平[4] ZHANG Dong-ya;HE Chun-shan;QI Guo-xin;LI Yang-xi;HOU Yi-qun;TAO Jiang-ping(Beijing Survey,Planning,Design and Research Institute of China Power Construction Group,Beijing 100024,P.R.China;China Seventh Engineering Bureau of Water Resources and Hydropower Co.,Ltd.Chengdu 610000,P.R.China;Power China Kunming Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650051,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources,Institute of Hydroecology,Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430079,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团北京勘测设计研究院有限公司,北京100024 [2]中国水利水电第七工程局有限公司,四川成都610000 [3]中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司,云南昆明650051 [4]水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2024年第4期108-116,共9页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：大渡河上游金川至丹巴河段水电开发与鱼类保护研究项目(W2020000522000)。

摘　　要：探讨多种目标鱼类过鱼设施的流速设计,为大渡河上游集诱鱼设施的过鱼设计提供数据参考。以短尾高原鳅(Triplophysa brevicauda)、齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)以及重口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax davidi)为研究对象,使用自制Brett-type鱼类游泳能力测试水槽对3种鱼的临界游泳速度以及突进游泳速度进行测量。实验结果表明:(1)短尾高原鳅体长(9.92±1.15)cm,绝对和相对临界游泳速度分别为(0.91±0.13)m/s和(9.30±1.56)BL/s;齐口裂腹鱼体长(22.01±5.17)cm,绝对和相对临界游泳速度分别(1.09±0.35)m/s和(4.89±0.93)BL/s;重口裂腹鱼体长(28.84±2.57)cm,绝对和相对临界游泳速度分别为(1.45±0.25)m/s和(5.00±0.48)BL/s。2种裂腹鱼绝对、相对临界游泳速度均与体长呈正相关关系,短尾高原鳅与体长并无显著性关系(P>0.05)。(2)短尾高原鳅体长(9.66±1.07)cm,绝对和相对突进游泳速度分别为(1.06±0.12)m/s和(11.11±1.80)BL/s;齐口裂腹鱼体长(26.34±1.11)cm,绝对和相对突进游泳速度分别为(1.29±0.26)m/s和(4.86±0.81)BL/s;重口裂腹鱼体长(28.37±2.30)cm,绝对和相对突进游泳速度分别为(1.50±0.36)m/s和(5.24±0.89)BL/s。2种裂腹鱼绝对、相对突进游泳速度均与体长呈正相关关系,而短尾高原鳅与体长并无显著性关系(P>0.05)。(3)K-M曲线表明,90%目标鱼类累计疲劳的临界和突进游泳速度分别为0.81、0.96 m/s。当以短尾高原鳅、齐口裂腹鱼以及重口裂腹鱼为过鱼对象时,建议过鱼设施入口设计流速为0.81~0.96 m/s,过鱼设施内部流速不应小于0.1 m/s,休息区设计流速为0.1~0.81 m/s。In this study,we investigated the swimming performance of three fish species typical of Dadu River and recommended flow velocity criteria for fish passages designed to target the species.Our aim was to provide data to support fish passage design for the upper Dadu River.Triplophysa brevicauda,Schizothorax prenanti and Schizothorax davidi were selected for study,and the three test species were collected in the Jinchuan-Danba section of Dadu River in August 2020,with respective average body lengths of 14.5-31.5,23.6-35.5 and 7.5-12.8 cm.After acclimation for 3-5 days,10 healthy fish of each species were selected for critical and burst speed swimming tests conducted in a self-made Brett-type swimming flume using the stepped velocity test protocol.Results show:(1)The body length,absolute and relative critical swimming speed of the three species were(9.92±1.15)cm,(0.91±0.13)m/s and(9.30±1.56)BL/s for T.brevicauda;(22.01±5.17)cm,(1.09±0.35)m/s and(4.89±0.93)BL/s for S.prenanti;(28.84±2.57)cm,(1.45±0.25)m/s and(5.00±0.48)BL/s for S.davidi.The absolute critical swimming speed of the two Schizothorax species were positively correlated with body length,but the relative critical swimming speeds were not and there was no significant correlations between absolute and relative critical swimming speed and body length of T.brevicauda(P>0.05).(2)The body length,absolute and relative burst swimming speed of the three species were as follows:(9.66±1.07)cm,(1.06±0.12)m/s and(11.11±1.80)BL/s for T.brevicauda;(26.34±1.11)cm,(1.29±0.26)m/s and(4.86±0.81)for S.prenanti;(28.37±2.30)cm,(1.50±0.36)m/s and(5.24±0.89)BL/s for S.davidi.The absolute and relative burst swimming speeds of the two Schizothorax species were positively correlated with body length,but the same correlations were not significant for T.brevicauda(P>0.05).(3)The Kaplan-Meier(K-M)curves show that the critical and burst swimming speeds of target fish at a 90%cumulative fatigue rate were 0.81 and 0.96 m/s,respectively.Thus,if the target fish species are T

关 键 词：短尾高原鳅 齐口裂腹鱼 重口裂腹鱼 临界游泳速度 突进游泳速度 游泳能力 过鱼设施 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学] S956