网箱养殖对喀斯特深水型湖泊水体细菌群落结构的影响--以万峰湖为例  

Effect of Cage Aquaculture on Aquatic Bacteria Community Structure in a Deep Karst Lake:A Case Study of Wanfeng Lake

作　　者：郭倩倩[1] 卢彪[1] 秦燕 王聪 GUO Qian-qian;LU Biao;QIN Yan;WANG Cong(Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities,Xingyi 562400,P.R.China;Xingyi Local Maritime Bureau in Guizhou Province,Xingyi 562400,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]兴义民族师范学院,贵州兴义562400 [2]贵州省兴义市地方海事处,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2024年第4期175-183,共9页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合LH字[2017]7035号);贵州省青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字[2019]221号)。

摘　　要：微生物群落结构的变化可反映养殖环境的变化,研究水体微生物群落结构组成及功能对管理和维护湖泊生态环境具有重要意义。2019年6月,在贵州省万峰湖(104.5~105.1°E,24.7~24.9°N)网箱上游1000 m处(对照点)、网箱内、网箱下游200、400、600、800 m处设置采样点,每个采样点均采集表层、中层(25 m)、底层(50 m)水体水样。利用高通量测序技术分析水样中细菌群落多样性,结果显示:18个水样中共鉴定出细菌38门、699属,其中Flavobacterium(黄杆菌属)和Pseudomonas(假单胞菌属)是万峰湖水体中优势菌属,网箱底层水体中分布有Lactobacillus(乳杆菌属)、Barnesiella、Shewanella(希瓦氏菌属)、Sphingomonas(鞘氨醇单胞菌属)等特异性优势菌属。对不同采样点细菌多样性分析表明:万峰湖水体与网箱的水平距离是影响细菌群落结构的关键,影响范围在800 m以内。网箱养殖造成了底层水体大量特异性细菌种属的产生。pH、总磷和化学需氧量是影响网箱水体细菌群落的关键因子。研究结果可为湖泊渔业养殖可持续性发展和湖泊生态环境保护提供参考。Wanfeng Lake is in the Karst region of southwest China and is a typical Karst deep-water reservoir with a surface area of 176 km^(2).The lake provides important functions,including water supply,hydropower,irrigation,aquaculture,flood control,tourism,and natural ecological regulation.However,large scale cage aquaculture in Wanfeng Lake has seriously affected the ecological environment.Changes in microbial community structure reflect the changes resulting from aquaculture,so studying the structure is important for managing and maintaining the aquatic ecology of lakes.In this study,we investigated bacterial diversity and community structure in waters of the cage aquaculture area of Wanfeng Lake using high-throughput RNA sequencing and explored the impact of cage culture on the bacterial community of Karst deep-water lakes.The study area includes a cage aquaculture area of 5000 m^(2) and the water depth was over 50 m.In June 2019,water samples were collected at the surface,middle(25 m)and bottom(50 m)at six sampling sites:1000 m upstream of the cage site,at the cage site,and four sites downstream of the cages(200 m,400 m,600 m and 800 m).The microbial community composition and diversity of all samples were analyzed and water quality parameters were determined,including water temperature,pH,chemical oxygen demand(COD),ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus.A total of 699 microbial genera from 38 phyla were identified in the 18 samples,with dominance by Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas.However,Lactobacillus,Barnesiella,Shewanella and Sphingomonas were the dominant genera in the bottom layer at the cage site.Based on similarity in community structure,the microbial communities clustered generally into three groups:1000 m above the cage site,at the cage site,and below the cage site(200 m,400 m,600 m,800 m).The key factor in bacterial community structure was horizontal distance to the cages,and the range of aquaculture influence was within 800 m.Microbial community diversity was highest in the bottom layer of the water at the

关 键 词：高通量测序 网箱养殖 细菌群落结构 万峰湖 

分 类 号：Q938.8[生物学—微生物学] S967.3[农业科学—水产养殖]