天然气粗氦提取技术进展及展望  

Crude helium extraction from natural gas:Technology progress and prospects

作　　者：李莹珂 熊英杰 王科 蒲黎明 LI Yingke;XIONG Yingjie;WANG Ke;PU Liming(CPECC Southwest Company,Chengdu,Sichuan,610041,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油工程建设有限公司西南分公司,四川成都610041

出　　处：《天然气与石油》2024年第3期7-11,30,共6页Natural Gas and Oil

基　　金：中国石油天然气集团有限公司关键核心技术攻关项目(2021ZG13)。

摘　　要：氦气是一种关系国家安全和高新技术产业发展的战略性资源。空气中氦含量仅有5.2 mL/ m^(3),而含氦天然气中的氦含量可以达到0.3%~8%,虽然可利用大型空气液化分离装置的不凝气进行工业化分离生产氦气,但从含氦天然气中提取氦气在经济上更具可行性,也是目前氦气的最主要来源。从含氦天然气中提取氦气,首先要将含氦天然气中大部分甲烷、氮气等组分脱除,提取粗氦,然后再进行粗氦精制。介绍了深冷技术、膜分离技术、膜分离及深冷联合技术、多联产技术等多种粗氦提取技术,并对未来发展适应中国国情的贫氦天然气低成本提氦成套技术与装备国产化提出了展望。Helium is a strategic resource crucial for national security and the development of high-tech industries.The content of helium in the air is only 5.2 mL/m^(3),while the helium content in natural gas ranges from 0.3%to 8%.Although industrial-scale helium can be produced by separating the non-condensable gases from large air liquefaction units,extracting helium from helium-rich natural gas is more feasible economically and is currently the primary source.The process of helium extraction from natural gas involves first removing the majority of methane,nitrogen,and other components to obtain crude helium,followed by further purification of the crude helium.In this paper,a variety of crude helium extraction technologies,such as cryogenic technology,membrane separation technology,combined membrane separation and cryogenic technology,as well as polygeneration technology are introduced.Additionally,it provides a perspective on the future development of cost-effective technology package for helium-extraction from natural gas with low helium content commonly found in China and domestic production of equipment.

关 键 词：粗氦提取 深冷技术 膜分离技术 多联产技术 

分 类 号：TQ116.41[化学工程—无机化工]