汉语典型问句中的焦点特征及其韵律、句法体现  

Focus and Its Effects on the Prosody and Syntax of Mandarin Interrogatives

作　　者：袁野[1] Yuan Ye

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学外国语学院

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（语言文字学）》2023年第10期3-19,共17页LINGUISTICS AND PHILOLOGY

基　　金：北京市社科基金一般项目(20YYB015)的阶段成果。

摘　　要：本文依据基于探针与目标一致性理论(Chomsky2008)以及疑问焦点、信息结构焦点和重音关系而建立的“词汇一致原则”(Truckenbrodt2013),系统分析汉语各典型问句类型的句法结构以及句内焦点和重音的分布关系,并初步尝试回答关于汉语问句的下列问题:为什么说疑问词[wh]特征的本质是与Q相关的焦点特征[F]?这个[F]在疑问词前置(wh-fronting)句、疑问词原位(wh-in-situ)句、选择问句、回声问句中是如何影响句重音分配的?焦点重音对默认重音分配规则(如Stress-XP)的凌驾(override)规律是什么?为什么有的疑问词不显示焦点特征和重音?这些问题的完整答案在汉语界还是未知的,因此本文认为有必要在新的焦点-韵律一句法关系理论指导下通过分析相关典型汉语问句,深化我们对汉语问句中焦点、韵律及相关句法问题的理解。Following the"lexical agreement principle"(Truckenbrodt 2013)which was developed on the basis of Chomsky's(2008)probe-goal agreement theory and the relation between[wh]focus,information structure focus and stress,this paper has analyzed systematically the relation between syntactic structure and the distribution of focus and stress in vari-ous typical Chinese interrogatives.We attempt to answer the following questions:why is the nature oflwhjmorpheme said to be Q-related focus feature[F]?How does this[F]affect stress distribution in Chinese wh-in-situ,wh-fronting,alternative,and echo questions?How does focus stress override default stress rules such as Stress-XP?Why do some question words lack features of focus and stress?Most of these questions remain unexplored in Chinese grammar,therefore,we should take advantage of these new theories on focusprosody-syntax relation and analyze the typical Chinese interrogatives,to deepen our understanding of the related issues.The so-called"lexical-agreement"(LA)by Truckenbrodt is defined as follows:for an interrogative to reach an LA,an F-related scope-marker should be a lexical item,typically a Qwh,and the agreeing F-feature should also be embodied in a lexical item,typically a word containing a wh-morpheme.Moreover,such types of sentence that meet the LA requirement as English and German wh-questions will result in wh-fronting,focus percolation,and focal destressing.In contrast,sentence types that do not satisfy LA(we name this NLA),such as English and Mandarin echo questions,alternative questions and Chinese and Japanese wh-in-situ questions,will not exhibit wh-movement,nor the percolation of focus from the wh-mor-pheme,so that the Q-related focal element will attract sentential stress.Chomsk y(1995:387)observes that,"the wh-phrase in situ has focal stress",and now we can explain this as that the in-situ wh-element bears Q-related[F]feature,which is not in LA and does not percolate,so the wh-element attracts the main stress.The emphasis of this paper is not on syntactic a

关 键 词：汉语问句 焦点 重音 一致性 疑问词原位 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]