中国语言政策的历史演变  

Historical Transition Process of Language Policies in China

作　　者：营志翔 马戎 Jian Zhixiang;Ma Rong

机构地区：[1]浙江大学社会学系,浙江杭州310030 [2]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（语言文字学）》2023年第12期91-113,共23页LINGUISTICS AND PHILOLOGY

摘　　要：在不同的地理条件和气候条件下,人们从事不同的经济活动并在日常生活和劳动中发展出不同的语言。各地人群的交往必然导致语言之间的交流与竞争。有四个因素影响或制约语言间的竞争态势:行政权威的强制力量,经济力量的主导作用,语言群体的人口相对规模,语言承载的文化体系之间的相互吸引与感召力。通过回顾中华民族语言体系的形成过程,将自秦以后各朝代实施的语言政策归纳为三大类,参考史料梳理各朝代语言政策的演变与发展脉络,并讨论相关政策如何影响中华各族的语言使用与政治文化认同观念的演变。费孝通提出“中华民族的多元一体格局”,经研究可发现,中华民族语言体系的基本特征也是“多元一体”,庞大的中原人口和汉语普通话是这个“多元一体”语言格局的凝聚核心。Languages emerged from peoples'socio-economic activities and life customs under different geographic and climate conditions.There were communications and competition among the groups when they meet each other with different languages.Four factors have influence on language competition:coercive policies of administrations,influences of eco-nomic power,relative size of populations,and attractive appeal of their cultures.This paper reviews the historical process of the language system formation of Chinese nation.The language policies practiced by the different dynasties since the Qin were classified into three groups.The paper discussed these policies in details based on historical records as well as the in-fluence of language policies on politicalcultural identity of the Chinese people.Profession Fei Xiaotong suggested a framework of"the pluralistic unity of Chinese nation"in understanding of China's formation.This paper suggests that such"a pluralistic unity"framework also exists in the Chinese language system,and Han population in the core area of China and Put-onghua("普通话")has functioned as a cohesion core of this"a pluralistic unity".

关 键 词：语言政策 “多元一体”语言体系 中华民族凝聚核心 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学] D633[政治法律—政治学] D691[政治法律—中外政治制度]