一战前后美国法律主义团体对国际秩序的追求  

American Legalist Societies’Search for International Order before and after the First World War

作　　者：滕凯炜 Teng Kaiwei

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心,天津300350

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（世界史）》2023年第9期62-72,共11页world history

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(22CSS002);中国博士后科学基金项目(2021M691670)。

摘　　要：20世纪初,一些美国精英倡导法律国际主义理念,即通过发展国际法和构建一个以国际法院为核心的国际司法机制来维护世界和平。成立于1910年的卡内基基金会,在前国务卿鲁特、国际法学者斯科特等人领导下,迅速发展为法律国际主义的旗舰组织。受到第一次世界大战的冲击,该阵营内部出现分裂。新成立的强制和平联盟为法律主义的国际秩序思想引入了集体安全与武力制裁因素,而这是卡内基基金会所反对的。双方由此展开了激烈的外交大辩论,一度主导了美国国内关于战后国际秩序问题的讨论。但是,随着威尔逊倡导的自由国际主义的兴起,法律国际主义的影响力迅速下降。直到20世纪20年代共和党执政后,法律国际主义的影响再起并塑造了美国对外政策的法律主义取向。In the early 2oth century,some American elites advocated the idea of legal internationalism,namely maintaining world peace by developing international law and building an international judicial mechanism with an international court as the core.The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace(CEIP),established in 1910,quickly developed into the flagship organization of legal internationalism under the leadership of former Secretary of State Elihu Root and international lawyer James Brown Scott.Affected by the First World War,divisions within the legalist group appeared.The newly established the League to Enforce Peace introduced collective security and force sanction into the legalistic thought of international order,which was opposed by the CEIP.Thus,the two sides started a fierce foreign policy debate,once dominating the discussion of the postwar international order in the United States.However,with the rise of liberal internationalism advocated by Woodrow Wilson,the influence of legal internationalism declined rapidly.It was not until the Republican Party came to power in the 1920s that the influence of legal internationalism was revived and shaped the legalistic approach of American foreign policy.

关 键 词：美国对外关系 法律国际主义 卡内基基金会 强制和平联盟 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] D99