民国时期曲阜孔庙募修之殇  

The Failure of Qufu Confucian Temple Recruitment Plan during the Period of the Republic of China

作　　者：李先明 Li Xianming

机构地区：[1]聊城大学历史文化与旅游学院,聊城252029

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（中国现代史）》2023年第7期88-99,共12页CONTEMPORARY HISTORY OF CHINA

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金重大项目“中国共产党与传统文化关系的百年历史考察与经验研究”(项目批准号:18ZDA010)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：自儒学在西汉定于一尊以来,曲阜孔庙即渐由“国家培护”而“迭事修崇”不。入民国后,展现在世人面前的则是另外一番景象。20世纪20年代之初,孔庙迭遭风电水灾,直系军阀首领曹锟以“尊孔崇儒”之名通电募修,后因“筹款维艰”,孔府会同“地方长官”对其“择要修理”。1930年,中原大战的炮火导致孔庙“损失甚巨”,山东省政府主席韩复渠以“保存名胜,维持文化”的名义发起劝募,但前后历经3年,所得募款不足4万,离百万元之谱相差甚巨,孔庙修工作不得不叫停。1934年,为“昭示尊孔之意”,国民党“中常会”通过“修理孔子陵庙办法”,但资金依然难以筹募到位,“孔庙修茸计划”最终不了了之。曲阜孔庙“募修”的挫折,与彼时“民穷财尽”、当权者动员能力不足以及政治秩序紊乱相关,同时更是儒学独尊地位终结后“由圣转俗”或日近代转型之艰的具象反映。Since Confucianism has been respected in the Western Han Dynasty,the Confucius Temple in Qufu has gradually been"protected by the state"and"repeated repairs make more respectable"ceaselessly.After entering the Republic of China,the situation was presented with a different scene.In the early 1920s,the Confucius Temple was repeatedly hit by wind,electricity and floods.Cao Kun,the leader of the direct warlords,raised money for repair in the name of"respecting Confucius and worshiping Confucianism."Later,due to the difficulty in raising money,the Confucius government,together with the"local officials,"only conducted"selective repairs"to the Confucius Tem-ple.In 1930,the artillery fire of the Central Plain War led to"huge losses,"and Han Fuju,the chairman of the Shan-dong Provincial Government,and others launched a fund-raising campaign in the name of"preserving the scenic spots and maintaining culture,"but after three years,the final fund-raising was less than 40,000 yuan,a huge differ-ence from the 1 million yuan spectrum,and the temple repair work had to be stopped.After 1934,in order to"show respect for Confucius,"the"Central Standing Committee,"of the Kuomintang adopted the"Measures for repairing Confucius'Mausoleum and temple,"but the funds were still difficult to raise.The"Confucius Temple Repair Plan"eventually came to an end.The setback of raising money to build the Confucius Temple in Qufu was related to the"poverty of the people,"the lack of mobilization ability of the people in power,and the disorder of political order at that time.At the same time,it is also a concrete reflection of the difficulty of"changing from sacred to popular"or modern transformation after the end of Confucianism's exclusive status.

关 键 词：民国 曲阜孔庙募修 曹锟 韩复榘 国民党 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]