基于原型理论的乡村低碳建筑新模式探索  

New Patterns of Low Carbon Buildings in Rural Areas Based on Prototype Theory

作　　者：党雨田 赵康乐 王筱婕 刘加平[1] DANG Yutian;ZHAO Kangle;WANG Xiaojie;LIU Jiaping

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学建筑学院,绿色建筑全国重点实验室,西安710055

出　　处：《新建筑》2024年第3期90-95,共6页New Architecture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(52008322);中国博士后科学基金项目(2021T140533);陕西省教育厅重点项目(23JY039);西安市科协青年人才托举计划(959202313063);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3801300)。

摘　　要：减少乡村建筑碳排放是实现建筑业“碳中和”目标的必须任务。通过分析“碳中和”目标下的乡村建筑碳排放面临问题、主要特征和工作难点,提出乡村低碳建筑设计与推广的关键是建立新模式以同时应对“宜居”和“绿色低碳”的需求。在此基础上,探讨了原型理论对构建乡村低碳建筑新模式的意义和实现路径,形成了基于“空间原型”与“技术原型”提炼协同的建筑设计方法,通过量化分析传统民居建筑样本空间要素和技术要素,提取归纳原型的关键设计策略,并根据建筑地域环境和外部需求进行原型调试改进和设计转译。基于乡村低碳建筑新模式的构建思路,以黄土高原靠崖窑民居改造设计为例进行实践应用。进一步提出市场化产品化、工业化标准化、示范性工程、增量式设计的乡村低碳建筑新模式的推广建议。Reducing carbon emissions from rural buildings is an important and necessary task to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the construction industry.This article firstly analyzes the problems,main characteristics,and difficulties faced by rural building carbon emissions under the goal of“carbon neutrality”,and proposes that the key to the design and promotion of rural low-carbon buildings is to establish a new pattern that meets the needs of“livability”and“greenness”simultaneously.Based on this,it discusses the significance and realization path of prototype theory to establish a new pattern of low-carbon building in rural areas,and puts forward an architectural design method based on the refinement and collaboration of“spatial prototype”and“technical prototype”.Through quantitative analysis of the spatial and technical elements of traditional residential building samples,it extracts and summarizes key design strategies for prototypes.It then carries out prototype debugging and design translation according to regional environmental conditions and external building needs.Based on the idea of constructing a new pattern of rural low-carbon architecture,it takes the design of the renovation of the cliff kiln dwelling in the Loess Plateau as an example for practical application.It further provides promotion suggestions for the new pattern of low-carbon rural buildings,which includes market-oriented productization,industrialized standardization,exemplary implementation,and incremental design.

关 键 词：乡村 碳中和 低碳建筑 建筑模式 空间原型 技术原型 绿色宜居 

分 类 号：TU241.5[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论] TU201.5