蝠鲼交错排布集群游动水动力性能  

Hydrodynamic performance of manta rays swimming in staggered arranged group

作　　者：高鹏骋 田徐顺 黄桥高[1,2] 潘光 褚勇[1,2] Gao Peng-Cheng;Tian Xu-Shun;Huang Qiao-Gao;Pan Guang;Chu Yong(School of Marine Science and Technology,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;Unmanned Vehicle Innovation Center,Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University,Ningbo 315048,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学航海学院,西安710072 [2]西北工业大学宁波研究院,无人航行技术研究中心,宁波315048

出　　处：《物理学报》2024年第13期201-209,共9页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:52201381,52371338);国家重点研发计划(批准号:2022YFC2805200)资助的课题。

摘　　要：为了探究蝠鲼“前上后下”交错排布集群游动时的水动力性能,首先根据生物观测建立了蝠鲼形态学及运动学模型,然后基于浸入边界法和球函数气体动理学格式(IB-SGKS)建立了鱼类集群游动数值计算方法.系统研究了垂直间距固定为0.1倍体厚,流向间距0—1.5倍体长(BL)下的双蝠鲼集群游动过程,并结合全局三维涡结构和特征截面二维涡结构对集群系统以及集群中各单体的平均推力/效率进行分析.数值结果表明:当单体间流向间距较小时,相比于单独游动,推进性能急剧下降;随着流向间距增加,领航蝠鲼推进性能基本同单体游动保持一致;但当Dx=0.4BL时由于领航蝠鲼尾涡恰好越过跟随蝠鲼前缘直接作用在跟随蝠鲼初始脱落鳍尖涡处,大幅提升其旋涡能量,因此此时系统平均推力和效率提升均最大,分别为29.69%和6.77%.To investigate the hydrodynamic performance of manta rays swimming in staggered arranged group,a morphological and kinematic model of manta rays is developed based on biological observations,and then a numerical calculation method is established for group swimming of manta rays based on the Immersed Boundary Method and the Sphere function-based Gas Kinetic Scheme(IB-SGKS).The group swimming of two manta rays with a fixed vertical spacing of 0.1 times the body thickness,and a flow direction spacing of 0—1.5times the body length is systematically investigated.The average thrust/efficiency of the group system and each individual in the group are analyzed by combining the global three-dimensional(3D)vortex structure and the characteristic cross-section two-dimensional(2D)vortex structure.The numerical results are shown below.When the streamwise spacing between individuals is small,the propulsive performance decreases sharply compared with swimming alone;as the streamwise spacing increases,the propulsive performance of the leader manta ray is consistently better than that of swimming alone,with the maximum thrust enhanced up to 11.24%when D_x=0.4BL,and the maximum efficiency is enhanced up to 3.58%when D_x=0.3BL;with the increase of the streamwise spacing,in the thrust/efficiency curves of the follower manta ray appears volatility,with the maximum thrust enhanced to 48.14%when D_x=0.4BL and the maximum efficiency reached to 12.39%when D_x=0.5BL;the system average thrust and efficiency enhancement both reach their corresponding maximum values,specifically,29.69%and 6.77%,when D_x=0.4BL,which is because the tail vortex of the leading manta ray just passes through the front edge of the follower manta ray and directly acts on the tip vortex that initially falls off from the follower manta rays,thus substantially increasing their vortex energy.

关 键 词：蝠鲼 集群游动 交错排布 水动力特性 涡结构 

分 类 号：U661[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程] TJ6[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]