董事对第三人责任的解释路径及规范衔接——以新《中华人民共和国公司法》第191条为中心  

The ways of interpretation and standard connection of the director’s liability to the third party——focusing on Article 191 of the new Company Law of the People’s Republic of China

作　　者：曲天明 朱惠邦 QU Tian-ming;ZHU Hui-bang(Law School,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学法学院,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《青岛科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第2期91-101,共11页Journal of Qingdao University of Science and Technology(Social Sciences)

摘　　要：新《中华人民共和国公司法》第191条存在多重解释路径。因此,在效力范围上,直接损害场景下董事对第三人责任与法人机关理论、代表理论、代理理论存在冲突,间接损害场景下董事对第三人责任与信义义务理论、债权相对性理论、侵权客体理论存在冲突。但是,基于董事职务行为所生损害的现实与上述理论的预设存在差异,上述两种场景下董事对第三人责任在现行理论体系均占有一席之地。通过法经济学视角的分析,第191条既适用于直接损害场景,也适用于间接损害场景。就董事对第三人责任的构成要件和法律效力而言,直接损害场景应采用侵权责任范式和连带责任模式,间接损害场景可将违信责任范式与补充责任模式相结合。此外,第191条与《中华人民共和国民法典》《中华人民共和国公司法》及司法解释、《中华人民共和国证券法》衔接也存在问题,适用时应结合关联责任规定进行具体分析。There are many ways of the interpretation of Article 191 of the new Company Law of the People’s Republic of China.Therefore,in terms of the scope of validity,there are conflicts between the director’s liability to the third party in the direct damage scenario and the theories of legal body,representative and agency,as well as the conflicts between the director’s liability to the third party and the theories of fiduciary duty,the relativity of creditor’s rights and the object of infringement in the indirect damage scenario.However,based on the difference between the reality of the damage caused by the director’s duty behavior and the presupposition of the above theory,the director’s liability to the third party in the above two scenarios has a place in the current theoretical system.From the perspective of legal economics,Article 191 applies to both direct damage scenarios and indirect damage scenarios.In terms of the constitutive elements and legal effects of the director’s liability to the third party,the direct damage scenario should adopt the mode of tort liability and joint and several liabilities,while the indirect damage scenario can combine the mode of breach of trust liability and the supplementary liability.In addition,there are problems in the connection between Article 191 and the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China,the Company Law of the People’s Republic of China and judicial interpretation,and the Securities Law of the People’s Republic of China,which should be specifically analyzed in conjunction with the relevant liability provisions when applicable.

关 键 词：董事 第三人责任 新《中华人民共和国公司法》第191条 

分 类 号：D922.291[政治法律—经济法学]