养老地方专项债券:功能主义检视与财政法规制  

Aging Local Special Bonds:Functionalism Review and Fiscal Regulation

作　　者：曹锐涛 Cao Ruitao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院 [2]新疆大学法学院

出　　处：《财政科学》2024年第4期71-85,共15页Fiscal Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“地方政府专项债券的财政逻辑与法律规制研究”(项目批准号:21AFX007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：地方专项债券作为积极财政工具的重要组成,也是积极老龄化战略的重要抓手。但养老地方专项债券的制度安排与实践操作仍是一个需要探究的论题。从肯定的角度看,财政法理论认为,只要地方在老龄化支出责任范围内,能产生收益的公益性项目便可发行专项债券募集资金,而且实践效果也一定程度上给出了实证。从否定的角度看,养老地方专项债券存在收益能力较弱、项目分布失序、整体规划缺乏等困境,难以实现控制风险、促进公共产品供给、稳定经济、促进产业发展等功能。囿于困境而不自拔,则会进一步破坏地方财政稳健;形塑规则而归应然,便能将积极老龄化战略融入理财治国方略。因而,法治财政成为突破困境的关键,通过协调法律与行政规范性文件,建构激励相容的考核体系,将养老地方专项债券的功能体系有效融入,并最终构建多元立体的监管体系,方可以“良法”实现“善治”。Local special bonds are an important component of active fiscal tools and an important way to realize Active Aging Strategy.But whether it has been perfected is still a topic that needs to be explored.From a positive point of view,the theory of financial law holds that as long as the local government is within the scope of the aging responsibility expenditure,the public welfare projects that can generate income can issue special bonds to raise funds,and the practical effect is also verified to a certain extent.From a negative point of view,the aging local special bonds have difficulties such as weak profitability,disordered project distribution,and lack of overall planning.It is difficult to achieve the goals of controlling risks,promoting the supply of public goods,stabilizing the economy,and promoting the aging industry.Confined to difficulties and not extricating themselves,it will further undermine the stability of local finance;by shaping the rules to the ideal situation,we can integrate the active aging strategy into the strategy of financial governance.Therefore,the rule of law finance has become the key to break through the dilemma.How to effectively integrate the development goals of aging local special bonds by coordinating legal and administrative normative documents,and construct an incentive-compatible assessment system,and finally build a multi-dimensional regulatory system to ensure that"good law"achieve"good governance"has become a meaningful starting point and foothold.

关 键 词：积极老龄化战略 地方专项债券 功能体系 法治财政 

分 类 号：F812.4[经济管理—财政学]