三种药用植物及其复合物对湘云鲫(3号)饲用效果的评定  

Feeding effect assessment of three medicinal plants and their compounds for triploid crucian carp (No.3)

作　　者：黄春红 李婷 李志敏 杨福忠 肖丕清 陈正军 HUANG Chunhong;LI Ting;LI Zhimin;YANG Fuzhong;XIAO Piqing;CHEN Zhengjun(College of Life and Environmental Sciences,Hunan University of Arts and Science/State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish Sub-Center for Health Aquaculture/Key Laboratory of Health Aquaculture and Product Processing in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province/Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Molecular Immunity Technology of Aquatic Animal Diseases,Changde 415000,China;Hunan Xiangyun Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Changde 415000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院生命与环境科学学院/省部共建淡水鱼类发育生物学国家重点实验室鱼类健康养殖分中心/环洞庭湖水产健康养殖及加工湖南省重点实验室/水生动物重要疫病分子免疫技术湖南省重点实验室,湖南常德415000 [2]湖南湘云生物科技有限公司,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2024年第6期1045-1052,共8页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省科技厅自然科学基金面上项目(2021JJ30468);湖南省教育厅重点项目(20A339);国家级大学生创新创业项目(202210549008)

摘　　要：为明确药用植物的饲用价值,将湘云鲫(3号)幼鱼随机分成5组,分别投喂基础饲料(对照组)和分别添加了4%马齿苋、4%车前草、4%鱼腥草、4%复合物(马齿苋∶车前草∶鱼腥草=1∶1∶3,重量比)的饲料,养殖85 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,马齿苋和车前草均显著提高鱼体相对增重率和特定生长率(P<0.05),并显著降低饵料系数(P<0.05),鱼腥草则略降低特定生长率并稍增加饵料系数,但差异不显著(P>0.05);马齿苋显著提高鱼体粗蛋白质含量和显著降低粗脂肪含量(P<0.05),车前草则显著降低粗蛋白质含量和显著增加粗脂肪含量(P<0.05);马齿苋、鱼腥草和复合物既显著降低肝脏丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性及丙二醛(MDA)、总胆固醇(TC)、总三酰甘油(TG)含量(P<0.05),又显著增强肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P<0.05),并改善肝组织结构;马齿苋明显改善中肠绒毛结构,鱼腥草则使中肠绒毛结构变差。综上所述,4%添加水平下,饲用价值最高的为马齿苋,其次是车前草和复合物,最次的为鱼腥草。To clarify the feeding values of medicinal plants,juvenile triploid crucian carps(No.3)were randomly divided into five groups and fed with basic feed(control group)and feeds supplemented with 4%Portulaca oleracea L.,4%Plantago asiatica L.,4%Houttuynia cordata Thunb.and 4%coumpounds(Portulaca oleracea L.∶Plantago asiatica L.∶Houttuynia cordata Thunb.=1∶1∶3)for 85 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,Portulaca oleracea L.and Plantago asiatica L.significantly increased the relative weight gain rate and specific growth rate of fish(P<0.05),and significantly reduced the feed coefficient(P<0.05).Houttuynia cordata Thunb.slightly reduced the specific growth rate and slightly increased the feed coefficient,but the difference was not significant(P<0.05).Portulaca oleracea L.significantly increased the content of crude protein and significantly decreased the content of crude fat(P<0.05),while Plantago asiatica L.significantly decreased the content of crude protein and significantly increased the content of crude fat(P<0.05).Portulaca oleracea L.,Houttuynia cordata Thunb.and compounds could significantly reduce the activities of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST),the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),total cholesterol(TC)and total triglyceride(TG)in liver(P<0.05),significantly enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)in liver(P<0.05),and improve the structure of liver tissue.Portulaca oleracea L.significantly improved the midgut villus structure,while Houttuynia cordata Thunb.made the midgut villus structure worse.In summary,under the 4%addition level,the feeding value of Portulaca oleracea L.was the highest,followed by Plantago asiatica L.and compounds,and then Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

关 键 词：马齿苋 车前草 鱼腥草 湘云鲫(3号) 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]