六盘山区华北落叶松人工林小气候特征  

Microclimate Features of Larix gmelinii var. principis-rupprechtii Plantations in the Liupan Mountains of Northwestern China

作　　者：杨文海[1,2] 杨志莲 王彦辉 李向栋[1,2] 王正安 陈炜 Yang Wenhai;Yang Zhiian;Wang Yanhui;Li Xiangdong;Wang Zhengan;Chen Wei(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions,CMA,Yinchuan 750002,China;Guyuan Meteorological Bureau,Guyuan 756000,China;Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute,CAF,Beijing 100091,China;Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Guyuan 756000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,银川750002 [2]固原市气象局,固原756000 [3]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,北京100091 [4]宁夏农林科学院固原分院,固原756000

出　　处：《陆地生态系统与保护学报》2024年第2期32-41,共10页Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BEG02004);国家自然科学基金项目(U20A2085)。

摘　　要：【目的】实测华北落叶松(Larixgmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii)人工林的林内和林窗小气候特征,认识森林的小气候调节作用,为促进林下更新和森林多种功能利用提供科学依据。【方法】在宁夏六盘山南部半湿润区,建立林内(林龄40 a,郁闭度0.52)和林窗(面积750 m^(2))小气候观测样地,用自动气象站从2022年12月起连续一年监测气象指标和10 cm深土壤温度湿度,并依据标准气象站数据与海拔的关系线性插值得到林外气象数据作为对照。【结果】与林外相比,林内和林窗有明显的小气候调节作用,这表现在:1)年均太阳辐射日累积值(MJ/m^(2))为林内(4.53)<林窗(8.87)<林外(13.99),林内和林窗仅为林外的32.4%和63.4%;林内和林窗与林外的月均太阳辐射累积值的差在生长季大于非生长季。2)年均气温(℃)为林内(7.2)<林外(7.5)<林窗(7.8),气温日较差(℃)为林内(6.1)<林窗(6.3)<林外(8.0),林内和林窗的气温变化更平缓;林内、林窗、林外之间的气温差平均值在生长季小于非生长季。3)年均空气相对湿度(%)为林内(69.1)>林窗(64.7)>林外(62.5),林内和林窗比林外提高了6.6%和2.2%,林内和林窗在生长季提高空气湿度的能力大于非生长季。4)10 cm深土壤温度年均值(℃)为林内(6.8)<林窗(8.8)<林外(9.1),林内和林窗比林外低2.3℃和0.3℃;土壤温度日较差(℃)为林内(0.7)<林窗(1.5)<林外(4.5);林内和林窗土壤温度与林外相比在生长季降低但在冬季提高。5)10 cm深土壤湿度年均值(%)为林内(24.4)<林窗(29.8)<林外(33.8),林内和林窗比林外降低了9.4%和4.0%,林内与林外土壤湿度差在生长季小于非生长季,林窗与林外土壤湿度差在生长季大于非生长季。【结论】华北落叶松人工林的小气候调节作用明显,且在生长季大于非生长季。与林外相比,林内和林窗大幅降低了太阳辐射、土壤温度、土壤湿度,但显著提高了空气湿度,还减小了各指�【Objective】The microclimate features under forest canopy(UFC)and in forest gap(IFG)of Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii plantations were monitored to provide a scientific basis for understanding the microclimate regulation effect of forest and for guiding the forest management promoting the regeneration of understory trees and the optimal use of multiple forest ecosystem services.【Methods】Microclimate monitoring plots of UFC(with an age of 40 years and a canopy density of 0.52)and IFG(with an area 750 m^(2))were established in the southern sub-humid area of the Liupan Mountains,Ningxia,Northwestern China.Meteorological parameters and the soil temperature and moisture at 10 cm depth were monitored by automatic weather stations for one year from December 2022.Based on the relationship between standard meteorological station data and altitude,linear interpolation method was used to obtain meteorological data in open field(IOF)as a control.【Results】Compared with the habitat of IOF,the habitats of UFC and IFG showed obvious microclimate regulation effects,which were manifested in:1)the annual means of cumulative value of solar radiation(MJ/m^(2))was UFC(4.53)<IFG(8.87)<IOF(13.99),indicating that the values of UFC and IFG were decreased to 32.4%and 63.4%of that of IOF.The difference of monthly mean solar radiation accumulation value between the habitats of IOF and UFC or IFG was greater in growing season than in non-growing season.2)The annual mean air temperature(℃)was UFC(7.2)<IOF(7.5)<IFG(7.8).The diurnal air temperature range(℃)was UFC(6.1)<IFG(6.3)<IOF(8.0),indicating a more gentle variation of air temperature of UFC and IFG.The average difference in air temperature between the habitat of UFC,IFG and IOF was smaller in growing season than in non-growing season.3)The annual means of relative air humidity(%)was UFC(69.1)>IFG(64.7)>IOF(62.5),indicating an increase of 6.6%and 2.2%by the habitats of UFC and IFG compared with that of IOF.The ability of UFC and IFG to increase air humidity during t

关 键 词：森林小气候 林内 林窗 太阳辐射 空气温度湿度 土壤温度湿度 

分 类 号：S716[农业科学—林学]