追肥处理+防虫网对青瓜-豇豆轮作土壤养分及豇豆品质性状的影响  

Effect of fertilization treatment and insect-proof net on the cucumber cowpea rotation planting soil nutrients and quality characters of cowpea

作　　者：苏冰霞[1] 于世幸 郇志博[1] 彭宝生[1] 赵敏[1] 吴小芳[1] SU Bingxia;YU Shixing;HUAN Zhibo;PENG Baosheng;ZHAO Min;WU Xiaofang(Analysis and Testing Center,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science/Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables/Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Subtropical Fruits and Vegetables of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Haikou 571101,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院分析测试中心·海南省热带果蔬产品质量安全重点实验室·农业农村部亚热带果品蔬菜质量安全控制重点实验室,海口571101

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2024年第7期131-136,共6页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：海南省院士创新平台科研项目(YSPTZX202021);中国热带农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1630082023005);海南省自然科学基金(322QN358)。

摘　　要：为保障豇豆质量安全,提高豇豆种植产量,同时改良产地土壤,在搭建白色防虫网条件下于青瓜-豇豆轮作土壤分别施用复合肥和酸性土壤改良肥追肥,比较分析2种不同追肥处理对网内土壤养分和网内外豇豆品质性状的影响。试验共设网内试验区和对照区、网外试验区和对照区4个小区。各小区面积统一为60 m^(2),单因素随机区组设计。结果表明,酸性土壤改良肥追肥处理的试验区土壤和复合肥追肥的对照区土壤pH均下降,分别下降0.44和0.61。网内试验区土壤有机质、速效氮、速效钾含量(w,后同)分别比试验前增加了2.56 g·kg^(-1)、42.37 mg·kg^(-1)、48.87 mg·kg^(-1),相对增加12.37%、34.20%、20.34%,有效磷含量(w,后同)比试验前降低3.98 mg·kg^(-1),相对降低1.95%。酸性土壤改良肥追肥处理的网内外豇豆商品荚率、荚果长、荚横径、单荚质量均高于复合肥追肥处理。两种追肥处理的网内外豇豆产品品质检测结果表明,网内外试验区豇豆商品荚率差异显著,而可溶性总糖、蛋白质、维生素C含量与对照区差异不显著,各处理豇豆脂肪含量均相同。综上,豇豆的综合性状以酸性土壤改良肥追肥处理更佳。In order to ensure the quality and safety of cowpea,increase the yield of cowpea cultivation,and improve the soil in the production area.In this experiment,compound fertilizer and acidic soil improved fertilizer were applied to the rotation soil of cucumber and cowpea,which was covered by white insect-proof net.The effects of the two different treatments on soil conditions and the quality and agronomic traits of cowpea inside and outside the net were compared and analyzed.The experiment was consisted of four areas:the test area and contrast area in the net,the test area and contrast area outside the net.The area of each residential area was uniformly 60 m^(2),with single factor random block design.The results showed that the pH of the test soil decreased by 0.44 and contrast soil decreased by 0.61,respectively.The soil organic matter,available nitrogen,and available potassium content in the test area increased by 2.56 g·kg^(-1),42.37 mg·kg^(-1),48.87 mg·kg^(-1),respectively,compared to before the experiment,with relative increases of 12.37%,34.20%,20.34%.The available phosphorus content decreased by 3.98 mg·kg^(-1),compared to before the experiment,with a relative decrease of 1.95%.The pod rate,pod length,pod diameter and pod mass of cowpea in and out of net treated with acid soil improved fertilizer were higher than those of cowpea treated with compound fertilizer.The results of two kinds of topdressing treatment showed that the pod rate was significant,but the content of total sugar,protein and vitamin C content of cowpea in the test area were not significantly different from those in the contrast area.The fat content of cowpea in all treatments was the same.In general,the comprehensive traits of cowpea was better with acid soil improvement and topdressing treatment.

关 键 词：酸性土壤 施肥类型 防虫网 性状 品质 

分 类 号：S643.4[农业科学—蔬菜学]