生物炭固定化菌剂对毒死蜱污染土壤的修复及小白菜品质的改善  

Remediation of chlorpyrifos contaminated soil by biochar immobilized bacteria and improvement of Chinese cabbage quality

作　　者：董成 冯发运 马丽雅 生弘杰 余向阳[2] 陈静 葛静 DONG Cheng;FENG Fayun;MA Liya;SHENG Hongjie;YU Xiangyang;CHEN Jing;GE Jing(School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering,Jiangsu Ocean University,Lianyungang 222005,China;Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏海洋大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,江苏连云港222005 [2]江苏省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《江苏农业学报》2024年第5期846-854,共9页Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目[CX(22)2036]

摘　　要：生物炭可以吸附土壤中有机污染物,降低污染物对植物的毒害,但是被吸附的污染物存在二次释放的风险,影响生物炭的修复性能。本研究采用生物炭对实验室前期筛选的3株具有降解毒死蜱功能的内生菌进行固定,对生物炭固定化菌剂制备条件进行优化,利用盆栽试验对生物炭固定化菌剂降解毒死蜱性能进行了验证。结果表明,生物炭固定化HJY菌对毒死蜱降解效果最优,在生物炭粒径为60目、固定化温度30℃、固定化时间为1 d时制备的生物炭固定化菌剂施入土壤中15 d对毒死蜱的降解率可高达92.40%。施入土壤35 d,在2 mg/kg毒死蜱污染土中相较于生物炭,生物炭固定化菌剂处理小白菜和土壤毒死蜱含量分别降低了81.8%和77.4%,在20 mg/kg毒死蜱污染土中小白菜和土壤毒死蜱含量降低了79.4%和50.3%;小白菜生物量,叶绿素、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量,过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著增加。小白菜中毒死蜱含量与土壤中毒死蜱含量呈显著正相关关系,小白菜品质与其毒死蜱含量呈显著负相关关系。表明与生物炭相比,生物炭固定化菌剂显著提升了对毒死蜱污染土壤的修复性能,并改善了小白菜的品质。Biochar can adsorb organic pollutants in the soil and reduce the phytotoxicity of pollutants,but the adsorbed pollutants have the risk of secondary release,which affects the remediation performance of biochar.In this study,biochar was used to immobilize three endophytes with chlorpyrifos degradation function selected in the early laboratory stage.The preparation conditions of biochar immobilized bacteria were optimized,and the degradation performance of chlorpyrifos by biochar immobilized bacteria was verified by pot experiment.The results showed that HJY had the best degradation effect on chlorpyrifos.The biochar immobilized microbial agent was prepared under the conditions of biochar particle size of 60 mesh,immobilization temperature of 30℃and immobilization time of 1 d.The degradation rate of chlorpyrifos was 92.40%when the prepared biochar immobilized microbial agent was applied to the soil for 15 days.After 35 days of application to the soil,in the 2 mg/kg chlorpyrifos contaminated soil,compared with biochar treatment,the content of chlorpyrifos in Chinese cabbage and soil in the biochar immobilized microbial agent treatment decreased by 81.8%and 77.4%,respectively.In 20 mg/kg chlorpyrifos contaminated soil,the content of chlorpyrifos in Chinese cabbage and soil decreased by 79.4%and 50.3%,respectively.The biomass,chlorophyll content,soluble protein content,soluble sugar content,peroxidase(POD)activity and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity of Chinese cabbage increased significantly.There was a significant positive correlation between the content of chlorpyrifos in Chinese cabbage and the content of chlorpyrifos in soil,and there was a significant negative correlation between the quality of Chinese cabbage and the content of chlorpyrifos.Compared with biochar,biochar-immobilized microbial agent significantly improved the remediation performance of chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil and improved the quality of Chinese cabbage.

关 键 词：毒死蜱 鞘氨醇单胞菌 生物炭 生物修复 小白菜 

分 类 号：S634.304[农业科学—蔬菜学] S181[农业科学—园艺学]