离子推力器碳基材料栅极研制与应用现状及启示  

Development and application of carbon based material grids for ion thruster:status quo and suggestions

作　　者：高斌[1] 李娟[1] 耿海[1] 王彦龙[1] 陈娟娟[1] Gao Bin;Li Juan;Geng Hai;Wang Yanlong;Chen Juanjuan(Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory,Lanzhou Institute of Physics,CAST,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州空间技术物理研究所真空技术与物理重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《强激光与粒子束》2024年第8期149-157,共9页High Power Laser and Particle Beams

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3403500)。

摘　　要：离子推力器是广泛应用于空间航天任务的电推力器之一,栅极在离子推力器中承担着引出离子并加速进而实现推力的作用,直接影响推力器性能及寿命。相比于传统钼栅,碳基栅极具有热膨胀系数低、耐离子溅射高等优势,是未来高比冲、大推力、长寿命离子推力器栅极的理想候选材料,已被国外部分先进离子推力器成功在轨应用。分析对比了不同栅极材料特性,调研总结了国内外碳基栅极研制过程及技术特点,并报道了作者近期在小口径不同构型C/C栅极与一体化C/C栅极研制方面的相关进展,最后针对我国离子电推进发展趋势,提出了后续碳基栅极研究的经验启示与建议。Ion thruster is one of the widely used electric thrusters in space and space missions.The grid plays the role in extracting ions and accelerating them to achieve thrust,directly affecting the performance and lifespan of the thruster.Compared to traditional molybdenum grids,carbon based grids have advantages such as low thermal expansion coefficient and resistance to ion sputtering,making them ideal candidate materials for high specific impulse,high thrust,and long-life ion thruster.They have been successfully applied in orbit by some advanced ion thrusters abroad.This review analyzes and compares the characteristics of different grid materials,investigates and summarizes the development process and technical characteristics of carbon based grids at home and abroad,and reports the authors'recent progress in the development of small caliber,different configurations C/C grids,and integrated C/C grids.Finally,based on the development trend of ion propulsion in China,the review summarizes experiences and puts forward suggestions for subsequent carbon based grid research.

关 键 词：离子推力器 栅极组件 碳-碳复合材料 热解石墨 

分 类 号：V493.4[航空宇航科学技术]