贝莱斯芽孢杆菌2L-1对两种芝麻病害的生防作用及机理研究  

The Biocontrol Effect and Mechanism of Bacillus Velezensis 2L⁃1 on Two Sesame Diseases

作　　者：刘颖[1] 刘清浩[1] 赵新贝 刘红彦[2] 赵辉[2] 郭金春 李蒙蒙 LIU Ying;LIU Qinghao;ZHAO Xinbei;LIU Hongyan;ZHAO Hui;GUO Jinchun;LI Mengmeng(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;School of Environment and Safety Engineering,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China)

机构地区：[1]中北大学化学与化工学院,山西太原030051 [2]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,河南郑州450002 [3]中北大学环境与安全工程学院,山西太原030051

出　　处：《中北大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第4期522-530,共9页Journal of North University of China(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-14);河南省农科院优秀青年科技基金资助项目(2022YQ04)。

摘　　要：本文采用含毒介质法测定了贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)2L-1的发酵上清液对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,通过盆栽试验测定了菌株2L-1对芝麻茎点枯病及芝麻棒孢叶斑病的防治效果,及其对4种作物的促生作用。为明确菌株2L-1的生防作用及机理,对其拮抗过程中的酶活性及促生相关特性进行了检测,对菌株2L-1进行了全基因组测序和次级代谢产物基因簇预测。结果表明,在含毒介质法中,发酵上清液的10倍稀释液对芝麻茎点枯病菌和芝麻棒孢叶斑病菌的抑制率分别为91.51%和83.78%。该菌株可分泌纤维素酶、蛋白酶和木聚糖酶,具备溶磷和产生铁载体的特性,皿内未检测到葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶活性。在盆栽试验中,当该菌株先于菜豆壳球孢(Macrophomina phaseolina)接种芝麻幼苗时的防治效果为45.37%,而当菜豆壳球孢先于该菌株接种芝麻幼苗时的防治效果为29.71%;当该菌株先于山扁豆生棒孢(Corynespora cassiicola)接种芝麻幼苗时的防治效果为25.82%,而当山扁豆生棒孢先于该菌株接种芝麻幼苗时的防治效果为33.64%。菌株2L-1的1×10^(8) cfu/mL菌悬液对供试作物的株高、鲜重和干重都有显著的促生作用,其中供试作物的株高增加26.52%~36.26%,地上部分鲜重增加71.43%~113.64%,干重增加50.00%~128.57%。在该菌株基因组中预测到12个次级代谢产物基因簇。由此可见,菌株2L-1在芝麻防病和促生中具备应用潜力。The antibacterial activity of the fermentation supernatant of Bacillus velezensis 2L-1 against plant pathogenic fungi was determined through toxic medium method.The control effect of strain 2L-1 on sesame stem rot and sesame Corynespora leaf spot,as well as its growth-promoting effect on four crops,were determined through pot experiments.To clarify the biocontrol effect and mechanism of strain 2L-1,the enzyme activity during its antagonistic process and its growth-promoting characteristics were tested.Whole genome sequencing and prediction of secondary metabolite gene clusters were performed on strain 2L-1.The results showed that in the toxic medium method,the inhibitory rates of ten times dilution of the fermentation supernatant on pathogens of the sesame stem blight and the sesame Corynespora leaf spot were 91.51%and 83.78%,respectively.This strain can secrete cellulase,protease,and xylanase,and has the characteristics of dissolving phosphorus and producing siderophores.No activities of glucanase and chitinase was detected in the dish.In the potted experiment,the control effect of this strain on sesame seedlings was 45.37%when it was inoculated before Macrophora phaseolina,while the control effect was 29.71%when Macrophora phaseolina was inoculated before this strain on sesame seedlings;When the strain inoculates sesame seedlings before Corynespora cassiicola,the control effect was 25.82%,while when Corynespora cassiicola inoculates sesame seedlings before the strain,the control effect was 33.64%.The 1×10^(8) cfu/mL bacterial suspension of strain 2L-1 had a significant promoting effect on the plant height,fresh weight,and dry weight of the tested crops.The plant height of the tested crops increased by 26.52%to 36.26%,the fresh weight of the aboveground parts increased by 71.43%to 113.64%,and the dry weight increased by 50.00%to 128.57%.Twelve secondary metabolite gene clusters were predicted in the genome of this strain.It can be seen that strain 2L-1 has potential applications in sesame diseases prevention an

关 键 词：芝麻茎点枯病 芝麻棒孢叶斑病 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 生防作用 促生作用 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]