乳山近岸海水养殖区表层水微塑料赋存特征及生态风险评价  

Occurrence characteristics and ecological risk assessment of microplastics in surface seawater of nearshore mariculture area in Rushan

作　　者：梁辉 唐衍力[1] 于梦杰 杨培奇 杨明达 LIANG Hui;TANG Yan-li;YU Meng-jie;YANG Pei-qi;YANG Ming-da(College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2024年第7期3966-3975,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：山东省渔业发展研究(37000023P11002710002C)。

摘　　要：以乳山近岸海水养殖区表层海水为研究对象,通过体视显微镜和激光红外成像系统测定了微塑料丰度及特征组成,使用物种敏感性分布模型估算出了我国海水中微塑料的预测无效应浓度,并采用生态风险评价模型对该区域微塑料污染状况进行了风险评价.结果表明,乳山近岸海水养殖区表层水体微塑料丰度范围为0.42~1.72n/L,平均丰度为(1.08±0.41)n/L.蓝色或透明、小粒径(<500µm)和纤维状是该区域微塑料主要的形态特征,氯化聚异戊二烯(CPI)、聚氨酯(PU)、聚酰胺(PA)和聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)是主要的聚合物类型.基于非球形微塑料(纤维和碎片)对海洋生物的毒性数据,通过物种敏感性分布估算出我国海洋环境中微塑料预测无效应浓度为4.47n/L.风险评价结果表明,该区域微塑料整体污染水平较低,但应当对具有高化学毒性的塑料制品采取管控措施.A mariculture area near the shore of Rushan city was taken an example to establish an efficient assessment of ecological risk of the microplastics based on the abundance and composition of in-situ microplastics in the surface water,which were detected by the stereomicroscopy and laser direct infrared techniques,and evaluated by the specie sensitivity distribution model.The results in present study showed that the microplastics with those characteristics of blue/transparent,fiber,and the size less than 500µm were predominant.The averaged abundance of the microplastics were(1.08±0.41)n/L ranging from 0.42 to 1.72n/L.Among various types of polymers,the chlorinated polyisoprene(CPI),polyurethane(PU),polyamide(PA),and polyethylene terephthalate(PET)were most common.The no-effect concentration of non-spherical microplastics(fiber and fragment)in the seawater was estimated as 4.47n/L with the toxicity data and specie sensitivity distribution model.It revealed that the risk of microplastic pollution in the investigated mariculture area was significantly lower than that of the hazard warning abundance,but the plastics with high chemical toxicity flowing into the sea was urgently needed to be avoided.

关 键 词：微塑料 海水养殖 表层水 赋存特征 生态风险 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]