高原山地城市降水结构演变特征及城市效应——以昆明市为例  

Evolution Characteristics of Precipitation Structure and Urbanization Effect in Plateau Mountainous Cities:Case Study on Kunming City

作　　者：王辉 陈欣 茹菁宇 陈少妹 刘伟 严长安 WANG Hui;CHEN Xin;RU Jing-yu;CHEN Shao-mei;LIU Wei;YAN Chang-an(Yunnan Institute of Water&Hydropower Engineering Investigation,Design and Research,Kunming 650021,China;Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake Basin,Yunnan Research Institute of Ecological and EnvironmentalScience,Kunming 650034,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省水利水电勘测设计研究院,昆明650021 [2]水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院,南京210029 [3]云南省生态环境科学研究院云南省高原湖泊流域污染过程与管理重点实验室,昆明650034

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2024年第7期25-33,共9页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41761093);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202105AC160015);云南省重大科技专项计划(202202AH210007)。

摘　　要：为探究城市化进程中高原山地城市降水结构演变规律,以昆明市为例,综合运用Mann-Kendall检验、R/S分析等方法,对不同降水结构序列演变特征及城市效应进行定量分析。结果表明:①1960—2017年间昆明市年降水量、降水频次均呈减小趋势,降水强度呈增加趋势;年降水量在昆明主城区及下风区存在2个明显的高值区;②夜、昼降水发生率相当,但夜间贡献率、降水强度略大,且夜间强降水事件持续加剧;夏秋季的降水占全年主导地位,其降水强度呈持续增加趋势;不同等级降水发生率随雨级递增呈指数型递减,贡献率呈二次型变化,降水强度呈线性递增;弱降水事件持续减少,强降水事件持续增加是降水等级结构变化的特征;③年降水量、降水频次、降水强度R CU分别为10.62%、-0.91%、11.32%,表明城市化对年降水量、降水强度具有增加效应,而对降水频次具有减小效应,主要由于城市化使冬季降水日数及小雨日数减少;城市化扰动了不同的降水结构,使夏秋季及夜间强降水事件更集中,小型降水事件减少,而强降水事件明显增加。To investigate the precipitation structure evolution in plateau mountainous cities during urbanization,exemplified by Kunming City,we employed the Mann-Kendall test and R/S analysis to quantitatively examine the evolving characteristics of various precipitation structures and urbanization impacts.Results revealed the following:(1)Between 1960 and 2017,Kunming City exhibited a decreasing trend in annual precipitation and frequency,albeit an increasing trend in precipitation intensity.Notably,two distinct high-precipitation zones appeared in the main urban area and downwind region of Kunming.(2)Nighttime and daytime precipitation occurrences were comparable,with slightly stronger contributions and intensities observed during nighttime.Heavy nighttime precipitation events exhibited a trend of escalation.Summer and autumn dominated the yearly precipitation,with intensities in these seasons on the rise.As precipitation grades increased,the occurrences decreased exponentially,contribution rates changed quadratically,and intensity increased linearly.The transition from diminishing weak precipitation events to escalating heavy ones characterized the change of precipitation grade structure.(3)Urbanization exerted varying impacts on annual precipitation,frequency,and intensity,with respective R CU of 10.62%,-0.91%,and 11.32%.Urbanization bolstered annual precipitation and intensity while tempering frequency,primarily through diminished winter precipitation days and light rain days.Urbanization disrupted diverse precipitation structures,concentrating heavy precipitation in summer,autumn,and nighttime,diminishing light events,and markedly intensifying extreme heavy precipitation occurrences.

关 键 词：降水结构 演变特征 时间尺度 降水等级 城市效应 昆明市 

分 类 号：TV125[水利工程—水文学及水资源]