中国要素错配的时空演变研究  

Research on the Spatiotemporal Evolution of Factor Misallocation in China

作　　者：邱语 张卫国[1,2] QIU Yu;ZHANG Weiguo(College of Economics and Management,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Non-Public Economic Development and Poverty Alleviation in Western China,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学经济管理学院,重庆400715 [2]中国西部非公经济发展与扶贫反哺协同创新中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《统计与信息论坛》2024年第7期12-28,共17页Journal of Statistics and Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“环境监管数字化转型与企业环保应对研究:来自设立污染源在线监控系统的视角”(72302111);国家社会科学基金项目“长江上游生态大保护政策可持续性与机制构建研究”(20&ZD095)。

摘　　要：随着中国经济进入高质量发展阶段,提高要素配置效率成为当前发展的重要任务之一。基于多部门一般均衡模型,引入时空异质产出弹性生产函数,考虑资本、电力资源和异质性技能劳动力,量化分析2009—2021年中国284个地级以上城市要素错配的时空演化特征。研究发现:要素错配程度和方向存在较大时空异质性,资本、高技能劳动力和中等技能劳动力呈配置过度状态,电力资源和低技能劳动力呈配置不足状态。高技能劳动力配置呈空间收敛趋势,其他类型要素配置呈空间扩大趋势。资本和电力资源配置空间差异扩大源于西部地区配置过度加剧,低技能劳动力配置空间差异扩大源于西部地区配置不足加剧,中等技能劳动力配置空间差异较大源于东北地区配置不足严重。资本配置过度增加的城市数量大于配置不足增加的城市数量,电力资源配置过度增加的城市数量远大于配置不足减少的城市数量,高技能劳动力配置不足和配置过度的城市数量大幅下降,中等技能、低技能劳动力配置不足的城市数量增加。资源型城市要素错配问题比非资源型城市严重,尤其是成长型、成熟型资源城市。As China’s economy enters the stage of high-quality development,improving the factor allocation efficiency is becoming increasingly important for current development.Based on multisectoral general equilibrium model,a spatiotemporal heterogeneous output elasticity production function is introduced,and capital,power resources and heterogeneous skilled labor are considered to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of factor misallocation in China’s 284 cities from 2009 to 2021.The results indicate that there is significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in the degree and direction of factor misallocations during the sample period.Capital,high-skilled labor,and middle-skilled labor are over-allocated,while relectric power resources and low-skilled labor are under-allocated.The allocation of high-skilled labor exhibits a trend of spatial convergence,while the allocations of other types of factors show the trend of spatial expansion.The expansion of capital and electric power resources allocation and low-skilled labor allocation are due to over-allocation and under-allocation,respectively,in the western region.The large spatial difference in the allocation of middle-skilled labor stems from the serious under-allocation in the northeast region.The number of cities with an increase in capital over-allocation is greater than those with an increase in under-allocation,the number of cities with an increase in electric power resource over-allocation is much greater than those with a decrease in under-allocation.While the number of cities with under and over-allocation of high-skilled labor decreases,the number of cities with under-allocation of middle-skilled and low-skilled labor increases.Compared to non-resource-based cities,the factor misallocation problem is more serious in resource-based cities,particularly in growing and mature ones.These findings can help improve factor allocation efficiency and provide a new perspective for deepening factor market-oriented reform and building a unified

关 键 词：要素错配 异质性技能劳动力 电力资源 时空异质产出弹性生产函数 时空地理加权回归模型 

分 类 号：F061.5[经济管理—政治经济学] F224.9[历史地理—人文地理学] K902