南宁3个油梨品种开花物候期与花粉活力分析  

Analysis on Flowering Phenology Periods and Pollen Vitalities of Three Persea americana Varieties in Nanning

作　　者：闫文强 周琼[1] 何应会[2] 杨日升 苏子豪 崔芸瑜 陈健虹 Yan Wenqiang;Zhou Qiong;He Yinghui;Yang Risheng;Su Zihao;Cui Yunyu;Chen Jianhong(College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China;Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forests Cultivation and Utilization,Nanning,Guangxi 530002,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院,广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室,广西南宁530002

出　　处：《广西林业科学》2024年第3期308-314,共7页Guangxi Forestry Science

基　　金：广西特色经济林培育与利用重点实验室自主课题(JA-20-01-06);自治区财政林木良种补助专项(ZX31232506)。

摘　　要：为进一步了解油梨(Persea americana)开花物候期特征和不同油梨品种花粉活力的差异,以‘哈斯’('Hass')、‘平克顿’('Pinkerton')和‘富尔特’('Fuerte')3个油梨品种为试验材料,观察3个品种在南宁地区的开花物候期,并采用醋酸洋红染色法和TTC法和对3个品种的花粉活力进行测定。结果表明,在南宁地区,3个油梨品种的开花物候期集中在1月中旬—3月下旬,花期为26~37天;‘富尔特’开花最早,‘平克顿’次之,‘哈斯’最晚;3个品种单花开放和闭合的时间存在差异。采用醋酸洋红染色法时,3个品种的平均花粉活力为75.70%~87.07%,均较高;‘哈斯’和‘富尔特’的平均花粉活力均显著高于‘平克顿’。采用TTC法时,3个品种的平均花粉活力为50.22%~55.33%,均较低,且差异不显著。采用两种方法测定花粉活力,‘哈斯’的平均花粉活力均较高。研究结果可为南宁地区油梨种植品种配置和杂交育种等提供参考。In order to further understand characteristics of flowering phenology of Persea americana and differences of pollen vitalities among different P.americana varieties,flowering phenology of'Hass','Pinkerton'and'Fuerte'were observed in Nanning.Pollen vitalities of three varieties were determined by acetic acid magenta staining and TTC methods.Results showed that flowering phenology periods of three P.americana varieties in Nanning focused from Mid-January to late March,and flowering periods were 26-37 days.'Fuerte'flowered firstly,followed by'Pinkerton'.'Hass'flowered the latest.Blooming and closing time of single flowers were different among three varieties.Average pollen vitalities of three varieties ranged from 75.70%to 87.07%by acetic acid magenta staining method,all of which were higher,and average pollen vitalities of'Hass'and'Fuerte'were significantly higher than that of'Pinkerton'.Average pollen vitalities of three varieties ranged from 50.22%to 55.33%by TTC method,all of which were lower,and differences were not significant.Average pollen vitalities of'Hass'were higher by two methods.Results could provide references for variety configuration in planting and hybridization of P.americana in Nanning.

关 键 词：开花物候期 花粉活力 醋酸洋红染色法 TTC法 油梨 

分 类 号：S667.9[农业科学—果树学]