修枝强度对杉木人工林无节材形成及质量的影响  

Effects of Pruning Intensity on the Formation and Quality of Clear Wood of Trees in Cunninghamia lanceolata Plantations

作　　者：阮颖超 苏比·热西塔洪 林熙 李明[1,2] 范少辉 冯随起 陈志云 马祥庆 何宗明[1,2] Ruan Yingchao;Rexitahong Subi;Lin Xi;Li Ming;Fan Shaohui;Feng Suiqi;Chen Zhiyun;Ma Xiangqing;He Zongming(College of Forestry,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002;Research Center for Cunninghamia lanceolata Engineering Technology,National Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Fuzhou 350002;International Center for Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102;Shaowu Weimin State Owned Forest Farm,Fujian Province,Shaowu 354006)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学林学院,福州350002 [2]国家林业和草原局杉木工程技术研究中心,福州350002 [3]国际竹藤中心,北京100102 [4]福建省邵武卫闽国有林场,邵武354006

出　　处：《林业科学》2024年第6期50-59,共10页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2201302)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同修枝强度对杉木无节材形成及质量的影响,为确定杉木大径级无节良材培育的合理修枝强度提供科学依据。【方法】采用随机区组设计,对4年生杉木人工林进行不同修枝强度试验(每年修枝至树干直径6、8、10和12 cm,直至树干修枝净高度达7 m时停止修枝,未修枝木为对照)。在修枝22年后,调查林木生长情况;选取各修枝强度的平均标准木共计30株并砍倒,截取7 m以下树干运回实验室,测定树干饱满度;然后采用锯板法、旋切法切割树干,测定节疤的数量、长径和短径,并统计无节材积比例、无节单板数量比例和节疤体积比例。【结果】胸径和单株材积均有随修枝强度增加而显著下降的趋势,但修枝强度对树高无显著影响;修枝强度6 cm的胸径显著小于其余处理,单株材积显著小于修枝强度10 cm、12 cm和对照(CK);修枝强度8 cm的胸径显著小于修枝强度10 cm和12 cm,单株材积显著小于修枝强度12 cm。在1.3~4.0 m木段,修枝强度6 cm的饱满度显著高于修枝强度10 cm和12 cm;在4~7 m木段,修枝强度8 cm的饱满度显著高于修枝强度10 cm。锯板法的测定结果表明,节疤数量呈随修枝强度增加而显著降低的趋势,节疤长径和短径均随修枝强度增加而降低,修枝强度6 cm的节疤短径显著小于其余处理。旋切法的测定结果表明,节疤的数量、长径和短径均呈随修枝强度增加而显著降低的趋势。无节材积比例和无节单板数量比例均有随修枝强度增加显著提高的趋势,节疤体积比例有随修枝强度增加而显著降低的趋势。4个强度修枝的无节材积比例均显著提高(至少51.1%),无节单板数量比例均显著提高(至少33.25%)。锯板法和旋切法的测定结果一致表明,修枝强度6 cm和8 cm的节疤分布更少更小且无节材比例提升效果更明显,修枝效果排序为修枝强度6 cm>8 cm>10 cm>12 cm>CK。【结论】修枝强度的确定�【Objective】This study aims to investigate the effects of different pruning intensities on the formation and quality of clear wood of Cunninghamia lanceolata,in order to provide a scientific basis for guiding the cultivation of large-diameter-class,high-quality clear wood of C.lanceolata with reasonable pruning intensity.【Method】With a randomized block design,an experiment was implemented in that a 4-year-old C.lanceolata plantation that was subjected to different pruning intensities(i.e.the trees were pruned annually until their stems with a diameter of 6 cm,8 cm,10 cm,and 12 cm,respectively,and the pruning was stopped when the pruning clear bole height of stems reached 7 m,with the unpruned trees served as the control).After 22 years of pruning,the growth of the trees was investigated.A total of 30 average standard trees from different pruning intensities were selected and cut down,and the stems below 7 m were cut off and carried back to the laboratory for the determination of plumpness of the stems.The number,long diameter,and short diameter of knots were measured after the stems were cut according to the sawcutting method and rotary cutting method,and the ratios of clear wood volume,knot-free veneer quantity,and knot volume were counted.【Result】The diameter at breast height(DBH)and individual volume showed a significant decrease trend with increasing pruning intensity,but pruning intensity had no significant effect on tree height.The DBH with a pruning intensity of 6 cm was significantly smaller than that with other treatments,and the individual volume was significantly smaller than that with the pruning intensities of 10 cm and 12 cm,and of the control(CK).The DBH with a pruning intensity of 8 cm was significantly smaller than that with pruning intensities of 10 cm and 12 cm,and the individual volume was significantly smaller than that with a pruning intensity of 12 cm.In the 1.3-4 m cut logs,the plumpness with a pruning intensity of 6 cm was significantly higher than that with pruning intensities

关 键 词：杉木 修枝强度 无节材 旋切法 锯板法 

分 类 号：S791.27[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S725[农业科学—林学]