人力资本积累、服务业成本病治理与就业结构偏向  

Human Capital Accumulation,Service Cost Disease Governance,and Employment Structure Bias

作　　者：王希元 张凤云 WANG Xiyuan;ZHANG Fengyun(School of Economics,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China;School of Finance and Economics,Anhui Science and Technology University,Bengbu 233030,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学经济学院,云南昆明650500 [2]安徽科技学院财经学院,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《经济与管理》2024年第4期60-69,共10页Economy and Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(20CJL025)。

摘　　要：“人本”属性是服务业区别于制造业的核心特征,从人力资本视角探讨应对服务业成本病及就业结构低效率转型尤为关键。基于两部门一般均衡模型的理论机制分析发现:人力资本积累能够缓解服务业成本病,但也会拉动服务需求提升;人力资本的成本病治理效应导致就业结构偏向工业,需求拉动效应导致就业结构偏向服务业。利用中国2008—2022年省级面板数据的实证分析发现,随着人力资本积累,人力资本对就业结构偏向服务业的影响呈“U型”的非线性关系,当前中国已经跨越“U型”拐点,成本病治理效应小于服务需求拉动效应,人力资本促进就业结构偏向服务业。异质性检验表明,不同区域以及不同人口流动情形会影响人力资本对就业结构的偏向性。The"human-oriented"attribute stands as the fundamental trait that sets the service industry apart from manufacturing.Exploring countermeasures to address the cost disease in the service sector and the inefficient transformation of employment structures from the perspective of human capital is of crucial importance.Theoretical mechanism analysis grounded in a two-sector general equilibrium model suggests that the accumulation of human capital can alleviate the cost of disease in the service industry,yet it also boosts service demand.The governance effect of human capital in addressing the cost disease leads to an employment structure skewed towards industry,while the demand-pull effect drives it towards the service sector.Empirical analysis using provincial panel data from China from 2008 to 2022 reveals that the accumulation of human capital,and its impact on the employment structure's bias towards the service industry exhibits a"U-shaped"nonlinear relationship.Currently,China has surpassed the"U-shaped"inflection point,where the governance effect of the cost disease is outweighed by the service demand-pull effect,thereby propelling the employment structure towards the service sector.Heterogeneity tests indicate that different regions and varying population mobility patterns can influence the bias of human capital toward the employment structure.

关 键 词：人力资本 服务业成本病 就业结构偏向 U型 

分 类 号：F062.9[经济管理—政治经济学]