汽车车身铝合金3层板自冲铆连接性能研究  

Study on performance of self-piercing riveted joints of aluminium alloythree-layer sheet for automotive bodies

作　　者：王琳 胡光山 WANG Lin;HU Guang-shan(School of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Bengbu College,Bengbu 233030,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 314001,China;Zotye Automotive Engineering Research Institute,Hangzhou 314001,China)

机构地区：[1]蚌埠学院机械与车辆工程学院,安徽蚌埠233030 [2]浙江大学材料科学与工程学院,浙江杭州314001 [3]众泰汽车工程研究院,浙江杭州314001

出　　处：《塑性工程学报》2024年第6期95-102,共8页Journal of Plasticity Engineering

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(LQ18E010003);安徽省高等学校质量工程项目(2021jyxm0920);浙江省博士后择优资助项目(zj2019084)。

摘　　要：采用金相显微镜、电子背散射衍射、拉伸-剪切试验、剥离试验和模拟分析,对汽车车身铝合金3层板的自冲铆连接性能进行了研究。结果表明,铆接速度对3层5182铝合金板材搭接头的互锁值和残余底厚产生显著影响,当铆接速度为270mm·s^(-1)时,接头具有最大的互锁值0.29mm和最小的残余底厚0.17mm。选取互锁值最大的试样作为研究对象,在拉伸-剪切和剥离试验中,发现试样的失效方式均为上层板从下层板中拉脱,其平均剪切峰值载荷可以达到3.05k N,而平均剥离峰值载荷仅为0.67k N,接头的峰值剪切载荷远大于峰值剥离载荷。由于铆接接头的力学性能受接头附近材料组织特征影响较大,对接头进行显微组织和电子背散射衍射分析,可以看到上层板越靠近铆钉附近区域的材料变形量越大,中间层板变形较为剧烈,上层板和中间层板晶粒均被拉长变形,但中间层板形成了明显的纤维状组织,而底层板的塑性变形程度小于上层和中间层板,仅在靠近铆钉处晶粒呈现明显的变形组织特征,而其他区域的组织则为等轴晶粒。The self-pierce riveting(SPR)joinability of aluminium alloy three-layer sheet for automotive bodies was researched by optical microscopy,electron back scattered diffraction(EBSD),tensile-shear test,peel test and simulation analysis.The results show that the interlock value and residual bottom thickness of joints for 5182 aluminum alloy three-layer sheet are significantly influenced by the riveting speed.When the riveting speed is 270 mm·s^(-1),the joint has the maximum interlock value of 0.29 mm and the minimum residual bottom thickness of 0.17 mm.Moving forward,the sample with the highest interlock value was chosen for study.During tensile-shear and peel tests,it is discovered that the failure mode for all samples is the upper layer sheet being pulled out from the lower layer sheet.The average peak shear load reaches 3.05 kN,while the average peak peel load is only 0.67 kN,indicating that the peak shear load of joint is significantly greater than its peak peel load.The mechanical properties of the riveted joint are greatly influenced by the microstructural characteristics near the joint.The joints were analyzed by microstructure and EBSD.It is found that the closer the upper sheet is to the area near the rivet,the larger the deformation of material.The deformation of middle layer sheet is severe.Both the upper and middle layers sheets exhibit elongated grains due to deformation,but the middle layer sheet develops a distinct fibrous structure.The plastic deformation of the bottom layer sheet is less than that of the upper and middle layers sheets,with grains near the rivet showing clear signs of deformation,while other areas maintain the equiaxed grain structure.

关 键 词：5182铝合金 铆接速度 塑性变形 力学性能 

分 类 号：U466[机械工程—车辆工程]