论赫勒以日常生活理论为基础的人类解放思想  

Heller’s Thought of Human Liberation Based on the Theory of Everyday Life

作　　者：张艺川 ZHANG Yi-chuan(School of Marxism,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学马克思主义学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《武汉理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期117-123,共7页Journal of Wuhan University of Technology:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：以日常生活理论为基础的人类解放思想是赫勒早期思想的重要理论成果。赫勒通过对日常生活的批判性分析,从三个方面论述了人类解放。首先,赫勒吸收卢卡奇物化理论和日常生活理论的思想资源,将人类解放建立在对日常生活分析的基础上。她的人类解放思想正是从马克思宏观的社会结构分析转变到微观的日常生活分析的结果。她从个体和社会关系的角度论述了日常生活的内涵及作用,指出社会革命必须渗透进群众的日常生活,在日常生活领域内加以实现。其次,赫勒从日常生活的“工作”、日常生活的思维和日常生活的交往三个方面批判了资本主义社会日常生活的异化,论述人类解放的必要性。最后,赫勒论述了通过日常生活革命实现人类解放的方式。日常生活革命包括三个方面的内容:第一,用科学、艺术和哲学等高级思维指导物化的日常思维,打破资本主义社会人的“如是性”的固化思维模式;第二,培养主体的道德个性,抑制“排他主义”特性;第三,建立超越传统家庭组织的公社,通过价值观等文化的革命使公社变成革命化的家庭,新的心理性格在其中塑造,个人解放在其中实现。日常生活革命将革命的重点从劳动过程和控制劳动过程的制度结构转向伦理,特别强调文化革命的重要意义。但是,赫勒脱离历史唯物主义、脱离无产阶级历史使命谈革命,最终使人类解放由实践任务变成一种乌托邦构想。The thought of human liberation based on the theory of everyday life is an important theoretical outcome of Heller’s early thought.Through the critical analysis of everyday life,Heller discussed human liberation from three aspects.First,Heller absorbed the intellectual resources of Luk cs’theory of objectification and theory of everyday life,and built human liberation on the basis of the analysis of everyday life.Her thought on human liberation is precisely the result of the shift from Marx’s macro analysis of social structure to the micro analysis of everyday life.She discussed the connotation and role of everyday life from the perspective of individual and social relations,pointing out that social revolution must penetrate into the everyday life of the masses and be realized in the field of everyday life.Secondly,Heller criticized the alienation of everyday life in capitalist society in terms of the“work”of everyday life,the thinking of everyday life,and the interaction of everyday life,and discussed the necessity of human liberation.Finally,Heller discussed the ways to realize human liberation through the revolution of everyday life.The revolution of everyday life consists of three aspects:first,using advanced thinking,including science,art and philosophy,to guide materialized everyday thinking and break the consolidated mode of thinking of the“as-is”nature of human beings in capitalist society.Secondly,cultivating the subject’s moral individuality and suppressing“exclusivist”characteristics.Third,establishing the commune beyond the traditional organization of the family,which is transformed into a revolutionized family through a revolution in values and other cultures,in which a new psychological character is shaped and personal liberation is achieved.The revolution of everyday life shifts the focus of revolution from the labor process and the institutional structures controlling it to ethics,with special emphasis on the importance of the cultural revolution.

关 键 词：赫勒 卢卡奇 日常生活 人类解放 

分 类 号：B089.1[哲学宗教—哲学理论] B17