有限水深波浪作用下弱惯性塑料块体漂移规律  

Drift of weakly inertial plastic blocks under wave action of finite-water-depth

作　　者：冯曦 柳其岩 徐青云 倪兴也[1] 冯卫兵[1] Feng Xi;Liu Qiyan;Xu Qingyun;Ni Xingye;Feng Weibing(College of Harbour,Coastal and Offshore Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;China Harbour Engineering Company Ltd.,Beijing 100027,China;Hainan Geological Bureau Hainan Marine Geological Survey,Haikou 570206,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300354,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学港口海岸与近海工程学院,江苏南京210098 [2]中国港湾工程有限责任公司,北京100027 [3]海南省海洋地质调查研究院,海南海口570206 [4]天津大学水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室,天津300354

出　　处：《海洋学报》2024年第4期1-12,共12页

基　　金：海南省海洋地质资源与环境重点实验室开放课题项目(23-HNHYDZZYHJKFO37);中国港湾工程有限责任公司项目(2015-ZJKJ-01);装备预研教育部联合基金项目(8091B022123);港口航道泥沙工程交通行业重点实验室开放课题(YK223001-3);水利工程智能建设与运维全国重点实验室开放基金(HESS-2403)。

摘　　要：塑料漂浮垃圾对海洋环境影响巨大,在近岸的传播过程主要受波浪作用。针对塑料漂浮垃圾在近岸的运动特征,以往研究尚不深入。本文采用物理模型实验,对塑料漂浮物在有限水深波浪作用下的漂移规律开展研究,探讨了弱惯性塑料块体水平漂移速度与漂浮物性状以及波陡之间的关系。实验结果表明,塑料块体的漂移量受斯托克斯漂移与欧拉回流的共同影响,与二阶拉格朗日漂移理论吻合良好。在漂浮物尺寸远小于波长的情况下,漂浮物尺寸以及密度的改变对漂移没有显著的影响;漂浮物的漂移量与波陡的平方成正比,根据本文的实验及以往公开发表的实验数据,修正了经验公式,为塑料漂浮物在近岸的传播与预测提供了有益借鉴。Plastic floating objects have a profound impact on the marine environment.The nearshore process of the floating objects is mainly influenced by the action of waves.On the kinetic characteristics of plastic floating objects,previous studies were not thorough for the nearshore regime.In this paper,laboratory experiments were used to study the drift-law of plastic-floating objects under finite-water-depth waves.The relationship between the horizontal drift velocity of a weakly inertial plastic blocks and their characteristics,along with the wave steepness were discussed.The experimental results show that the drift of plastic blocks is affected by Stokes drift and Euler return flow,which is in good agreement with the second-order Lagrange drift theory.As the floating object's size is much smaller than the wave length,size or density of the floating objects has no significant effect on drift.The drift of floating objects is proportional to the square of wave steepness.Based on the experiments conducted in this study and previously published experimental data,the empirical formula is revised to provide useful reference for the nearshore migration law of plastic floating objects and so for the relevant prediction.

关 键 词：塑料漂浮垃圾 有限水深波 二阶斯托克斯波 拉格朗日漂移 

分 类 号：P731.2[天文地球—海洋科学]